Invasion

Invasion Description

1st record: Leiden/Netherlands/Rhine River estuary (1827, Hoek 1875, cited by Wolff 2005)

Geographic Extent

Belgium/North Sea; Leiden/Netherlands/Rhine River estuary (1827, Waardenburg, cited by Wolff 2005); Thomton Bank Wind Farm, 30 km offshore/Belgium/North Sea (2011-2012, de Mesel et al. 2015, 51 32 52.73500 N, 2 55 46.27300E, occasional); Uithoorn/Netherlands/Amstel Estuary (1875, Hoek 1875, cited by Wolff 2005); Amsterdam/Netherlands/Amstel Estuary (1875, Hoek 1875, cited by Wolff 2005); Oosterleek/ Netherlands/Ijsselmeer (former Zuiderzee) (1932, Henry and McLaughlin 1975); Hoorn/Netherlands/Ijsselmeer (former Zuiderzee) (1932, Henry and McLaughlin 1975); England and Scotland (Darwin 1854); Woolwich/United Kingdom, England/Thames Estuary (1854, Darwin 1854, oyster-beds, this population was absent by 1954, Furman and Yule 1989); Greenhithe, Kent/England/south bank of the River Thames (27/7/2006, Naser et al. 2015, (51°27.626'N; 000°18.062'E), Herne Bay/United Kingdom, England/English Channel (1854, Darwin 1854, on wooden stake); Sandwich/United Kingdom, England/English Channel (1854, Darwin 1854); Ramsgate/United Kingdom, England/English Channel (1854, Darwin 1854, 'attached to a small coasting vessel'); Hamsphire County/United Kingdom, England/River Itchen; Aberystwyth/United Kingdom, Wales/Cardigan Bay (Furman and Yule 1989); Southampton/United Kingdom, England/The Solent (Furman and Yule 1989); Whitton/United Kingdom, England/Humber Estuary (Furman and Yule 1989); Grangemouth/United Kingdom, Scotland/Firth of Forth (Furman and Yule 1989); Perth/United Kingdom, Scotland/Firth of Tay (historical population, extinct by 1986, Furman and Yule 1989); Dundee/United Kingdom, Scotland/Firth of Tay (historical population, extinct by 1986, Furman and Yule 1989); Aberdeen/United Kingdom, Scotland/Dee estuary (historical population, extinct by 1986, Furman and Yule 1989); Newburgh/United Kingdom, Scotland/Ythan estuary (historical population, extinct by 1986, Furman and Yule 1989); Peterhead/United Kingdom, Scotland/North Sea (historical population, extinct by 1986, Furman and Yule 1989); Belgium/North Sea estuaries (<1700, Kerckhof et al. 2007); Leiden/Netherlands/Rhine River estuary (1875, Hoek 1875, cited by Wolff 2005); Germany/Wadden Sea (Buschbaum et al. 2012; Rohde et al. 2017); Germany/Elbe Estuary (oligo-euhaline, Nehring 2006); River Foyle Marina, Londonderry/Northern Ireland/River Foyle (2012, Nunn and Minchin 2013; Foster et al. 2016)