Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: Stockholm/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1895, Leppakoski and Olenin 2000)
Geographic Extent
Stockholm/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1895, Leppakoski and Olenin 2000); Nykoping/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1945, Gislen, 1950); Nynashamm/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1932, Gislen, 1950); Visby/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1944, Gislen, 1950); Borgholm/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1949, Gislen, 1950); Vastervik/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1946, Gislen, 1950); Okno/Sweden/Baltic Sea (Furman 1989; 1990)
Vectors
Level | Vector |
---|---|
Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Probable | Ballast Water |
Regional Impacts
Economic Impact | Shipping/Boating | |
Costs of fouling of recreational boats in Swedish waters, due to A. improvisus, were estimated at 122-331 million Swedish kroner, SK, equal to 18-49 million dollars, per year. Fouling of commercial vessels was estimated at 33-49 SK, equal to 5-7 million dollars, per year, for a total cost of 23-56 million dollars per year (Gren et al. 2009). | ||
Economic Impact | Industry | |
Costs of fouling of power plants in Swedish waters were estimated at 10-38 SK (=1.5-5.5 million dollars) per year (Gren et al. 2009). | ||