Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record?: Karslkrona/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1948, Gislen 1950)
Geographic Extent
Karlskrona/Sweden/Baltic Sea (1948, Gislen 1950); Poland/Szczecin Lagoon (Wittfoth and Zettler 2013)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Natural Dispersal |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Shipping/Boating | |
| Costs of fouling of recreational boats in Swedish waters, due to A. improvisus, were estimated at 122-331 million Swedish kroner, SK, equal to 18-49 million dollars, per year. Fouling of commercial vessels was estimated at 33-49 SK, equal to 5-7 million dollars, per year, for a total cost of 23-56 million dollars per year (Gren et al. 2009). | ||
| Economic Impact | Industry | |
| Costs of fouling of power plants in Swedish waters were estimated at 10-38 SK (=1.5-5.5 million dollars) per year (Gren et al. 2009). | ||
References
Gislen, Torsten (1950) {On the invasion and distribution of Balanus improvisus along the coast of Sweden.], Fauna och Flora 45: 32-37Gren, Ing-Marie; Isacs, Lina; Carlsson, Mattias (2009) Costs of alien invasive species in Sweden, Ambio 38(3): 135-140
Wittfoth, Anne K. J.; Zettler, Michael L. (2013) The application of a Biopollution Index in German Baltic estuarine and lagoon waters, Management of Biological Invasions 4: in press