Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record? Copenhagen/Denmark/Oresund (1880, Jensen and Knudsen 2005); Helsingor/Denmark/Oresund (1880, Jensen and Knudsen 2005)
Geographic Extent
Copenhagen/Denmark/Oresund (1880, Jensen and Knudsen 2005); Helsingor/Denmark/Oresund (1880, Jensen and Knudsen 2005); Malmo/Sweden/Oresund (1902, Gislen 1950); Raa/Sweden/Oresund (Furman 1989; 1990); Germany/Darß-Zingst-Bodden-Chain (Wittfoth and Zettler 2013)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Natural Dispersal |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Shipping/Boating | |
| Costs of fouling of recreational boats in Swedish waters, due to A. improvisus, were estimated at 122-331 million Swedish kroner, SK, equal to 18-49 million dollars, per year. Fouling of commercial vessels was estimated at 33-49 SK, equal to 5-7 million dollars, per year, for a total cost of 23-56 million dollars per year (Gren et al. 2009). | ||
| Economic Impact | Industry | |
| Costs of fouling of power plants in Swedish waters were estimated at 10-38 SK (=1.5-5.5 million dollars) per year (Gren et al. 2009). | ||