Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: CA/San Francisco Bay (1st planting 1869, Collins 1892, cited by Carlton 1979)
Geographic Extent
CA/Tomales Bay (1875, decline after 1900, holding of adult oysters continued to 1970s, Carlton 1979); CA/Drakes Estero (1949, for holding, Bonnot 1949, cited by Carlton 1979); CA/San Francisco Bay (1st planting 1869, Collins 1892, cited by Carlton 1979; numerous plantings, some settlement observed, 1870s to 1890, fishery was dependent on seed shipped from Atlantic Coast, fishery ceased by 1930s, Carlton 1979); CA/Elkhorn Slough (1st planted 1923, again in 1932, Bonnot 1935, cited by Carlton 1979); CA/Morro Bay (1938, one planting, Barrett 1963, cited by Carlton 1979)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Oyster Intentional |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Parasite/Predator Vector | |
| While C. virginica has not become established in central California waters, Eastern Oyster introductions have been a probable/possible vector for many fouling organisms and predators including Cliona sp. (boring sponges) and other sponges, polychaetes [Alitta (=Neanthes, Nereis), Streblospio benedicti], slippershells (Crepidula convexa, C. plana), Atlantic Oyster Drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), and tunicates (Botryllus schlosseri, Molgula manhattensis) (Carlton 1979; Cohen and Carlton 1995; Wasson et al. 2001; de Rivera et al. 2005). | ||
References
Barrett, Elinore M. (1963) The California Oyster Industry., California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin 123: 1-103Carlton, James T. (1979) History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America., Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis. Pp. 1-904
Cohen, Andrew N.; Carlton, James T. (1995) Nonindigenous aquatic species in a United States estuary: a case study of the biological invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Sea Grant College Program (Connecticut Sea Grant), Washington DC, Silver Spring MD.. Pp. <missing location>