Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: OR/Yaquina Bay (1872, Washburn 1896, cited by Carlton 1979)
Geographic Extent
WA/Grays Harbor (1900, Doane 1905, cited by Carlton 1979, sporadic plantings untill 1943, Carlton 1979); WA/Willapa Bay (1874, Washburn 1896, cited by Carlton 1979, additonal plantings to 1914, one small reproducing population persisted in the Naselle River to the 1970s, Carlton 1979); OR/Yaquina Bay (1872, Washburn 1896, cited by Carlton 1979; additional plantings, 1900-1931, a few spat were seen, Carlton 1979); CA/Humboldt Bay (1896, last planted in 1936-37, Bonnot 1937, cited by Carlton 1979, last living oyster found in 1948 Carlton 1979)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Oyster-Intentional |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Parasite/Predator Vector | |
| While C. virginica has not become established on the Pacific Northwest outer coast, Eastern Oyster introductions have been a probable/possible vector for many fouling organisms and predators including Cliona sp. (boring sponges) and other sponges, polychaetes [Alitta (=Neanthes, Nereis), Streblospio benedicti], slippershells (Crepidula convexa, C. plana), Atlantic Oyster Drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), and tunicates (Botryllus schlosseri, Molgula manhattensis) (Carlton 1979; Boyd et al. 2002; Cohen et al. 2001; Wonham and Carlton 2005). | ||
References
Boyd, Milton J.; Mulligan, Tim J; Shaughnessy, Frank J. (2002) <missing title>, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. Pp. 1-118California Department of Health Services (2007) <missing title>, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento CA. Pp. <missing location>
Carlton, James T. (1979) History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America., Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis. Pp. 1-904
Carlton, James T. (1989) <missing title>, <missing publisher>, <missing place>. Pp. <missing location>
Wonham, Marjorie J.; Carlton, James T. (2005) Trends in marine biological invasions at local and regional scales: the Northeast Pacific Ocean as a model system, Biological Invasions 7: 369-392