Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: South Africa/Knysna Estuary (Day 1969, cited by Robinson et al. 2005; Mead et al. 2011b)
Geographic Extent
South Africa/Knysna Estuary (Day 1969, cited by Robinson et al. 2005; Mead et al. 2011b)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Dry Ballast |
| Alternate | Oyster Accidental |
Regional Impacts
References
Mead, A.; Carlton, J. T.; Griffiths, C. L. Rius, M. (2011b) Introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine species of South Africa, Journal of Natural History 39-40: 2463-2524Robinson, T. B.; Griffiths, C. L.; McQuaid, C. D.; Rius, M. (2005) Marine alien species of South Africa-- status and impacts, African Journal of Marine Science 27(1): 297-306