Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: Southampton/England/The Solent (English Channel) (1957, Lutzen 1999)
Geographic Extent
Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands/Scotland/North sea (Want and Kakonnen 2021, 58.901449 N; 2.939823); Carrickfergus Marina/Northern Ireland/Irish Sea (2012, Nunn and Minchin 2013); Dun Laoghaire Marina, County Dublin/Ireland/Irish Sea (2004, Minchin et al. 2006); England/English Channel-North Sea (48 of 61 sites sampled, Bishop et al. 2015); Poole/England/Poole Harbour, English Channel (Lutzen 1998); Southampton/England/The Solent (English Channel) (1957, Lutzen 1998); Portsmouth/England/The Solent (English Channel) (1958, Lutzen 1998); Langstone, West Sussex/England/English Channel (1962, Lutzen 1998); Shoreham, West Sussex/England/English Channel (1962, Lutzen 1998); Dover/England/English Channel (1969, Lutzen 1998) ; Grimsby/England/North Sea (2003, Davis 2007, 53.5775ºN 00.0700ºW); Le Havre/France/Baie de la Seine 1977, Breton et al. 1995; Lutzen 1998); Dieppe, Normandy/France/English Channel (France (1968, Lutzen 1998); Ambleteuse/France/English Channel (1980, Lutzen 1998); Dunkerque/France/English Channel (1980, Lutzen 1998); Ostend-/Belgium/North Sea (1995, Lutzen 1998); Zeebrugge/Belgium/North Sea (1988, Lutzen 1998); Netherlands/Oosterschelde (1974, Buizer 1980; Lutzen 1998); Netherlands/Lake Grevelingen (1980, Buizer 1980; Lutzen 1998); Den Helder/Netherlands/Wadden Sea (1974, Buizer 1981; Lutzen 1998); Oudeschild, Texel/Netherlands/Wadden Sea (1982, Lutzen 1998); Breskin-Eemshaven/Netherlands/North Sea (2009-2010, Lindeyer and Gittenberger 2011); Breskins to Eemshaven (2009-2010, Lindeyer and Gittenberger 2011); Willemshaven/Germany/Wadden Sea (1998, Lutzen 1998; Buschbaum et al. 2012; 2014, Rohde et al. 2017); Helgoland/Germany/North Sea (2007, Krone et al. 2007); List, Sylt/Germany/Wadden Sea (1997, Lutzen 1998); Esbjerg/Denmark/Ho Bucht (1995, Lutzen 1998); Nissum Bredning/Denmark/Western Limfjord (1978, Lutzen 1999); Mors/Denmark/eastern Limfjord (1980, Lutzen 1998); Livo/Denmark/central Limfjord (1986, Lutzen 1998); Hals/Denmark/Limfjord-Kattegat (1991, Lutzen 1998)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Oyster Accidental |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Populations increased 'explosively' in the Eastern Scheldt, presumably displacing native species (Buizer 1980). In English waters, the population growth of S. clava was paralelled by a decrease in Ciona intestinalis (Lutzen 1999). | ||
| Economic Impact | Shipping/Boating | |
| Fouling impacts fave been reported for the British Isles (Minchin et al. 2013). | ||