Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Balboa/Panama/Bay of Panama (1950, Pacific Ocean, Osburn 1950)
Geographic Extent
Balboa (piers, jetties, buoys)/Panama/Bay of Panama (Pacific Ocean) (Osburn 1950, Powell 1971; Ruiz et al., unpublished data 2008)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Arbopercula bengalensis was considered one of two dominant fouling species in Balboa Harbor and Panama Bay, by 1970 (Powell 1971). | ||