Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Point Lisas, Trinidad/Gulf of Paria, Caribbean Sea (1990, Agard et al. 1992)
Geographic Extent
Point Lisas,Trinidad/Gulf of Paria, Caribbean Sea (1990, Agard et al. 1992); State of Sucre/Venezuela/Gulf of Paria, Caribbean Sea (1993, Perez et al. 2007); Isla Margarita/State of Sucre/Venezuela/Caribbean Sea (1993, Perez et al. 2007); Port of Cartagena/Colombia/Caribbean Sea (Gracia et al. 2011, in shrimp ponds); Terminal Néstor Pineda (TNP) de Ecopetrol en Cartagena, el sector de Mamonal/Colombia (10/2010, Ahrens et al. 2011, 10°20’31”N -75°30’55”O); Puerto Velero, Atlantico,provice/Colombia/Caribbean Sea (Gracia C. and Rangel-Buitrago 2021, on floating devries); /Colombia/Caribbean Sea (Gracia C. and Rangel-Buitrago 2021, on floating devries); Via Parque Isla de Salamanca, Magdalena Province/Colombia/Caribbean Sea (1 shell, on floating debris, Gracia C. and Rangel-Buitrago 2021, on floating devries);
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Perna viridis has been replacing P. perna in Venezuelan estuaries (Segnini de Bravo et al. 1998; Perez et al. 2007). This has been attributed to greater temperature-salinity tolerance in P. viridis (Segnini de Bravo et al. 1998). | ||
| Economic Impact | Fisheries | |
| Perna viridis is commercially harvested in Venezuela (Segnini de Bravo 2003). | ||