Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Oahu/HI/'quiet waters', Pacific Ocean (1972, Cook 1977a, cited by Carlton and Eldredge 2009)
Geographic Extent
Oahu/HI/'quiet waters', Pacific Ocean (1972, Cook 1977a, cited by Carlton and Eldredge 2009)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
Regional Impacts
References
Calder, Dale R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago, Zootaxa 2590: 1-91Carlton, James T.; Eldredge, Lucius (2009) Marine bioinvasions of Hawaii: The introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine animals and plants of the Hawaiian archipelago., Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies 4: 1-202