Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: San Diego/CA/San Diego Bay (Robertson 1905, cited by Cohen and Carlton 1995)
Geographic Extent
Oxnard/CA/Channel Islands Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002); Los Angeles/CA/Rainbow Lagoon, San Pedro Bay (Cohen et al. 2002); Watchorn Basin, Los Angeles/CA/Los Angeles Harbor (Cohen et al. 2002); Los Angeles/CA/Los Angeles Harbor (Soule 1980, cited by Cohen and Carlton 1995; 2001, Fairey et al. 2002); Newmarks Yacht Harbor, Los Angeles/CA/Los Angeles Harbor (Cohen et al. 2002); Long Beach/CA/Long Beach Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002); Long Beach/CA/Long Beach Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002; 2017, Ruiz and Geller 2021, 9 of 10 stations sampled)); Newport Beach/CA/Newport Harbor (Soule 1963; Beshai et al. 2022); Catalina Island/CA/Avalon Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002); Oceanside/CA/Oceanside Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002); La Jolla/CA/Pacific Ocean (1963, Soule 1963); San Diego/CA/Mission Bay (1963, Soule 1963); Dana Point Marina, San Diego/CA/Mission Bay (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); Seaforth Marina, San Diego/CA/Mission Bay (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); San Diego/CA/San Diego Bay (1905, Robertson 1905, cited by Cohen and Carlton 1995; 2001, Fairey et al. 2002); Sunroad Marina/CA/San Diego Bay (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005); Chula Vista Marina/CA/San Diego Bay (2003, de Rivera et al. 2005)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Shipping/Boating | |
| Amathia verticillata is reported to cause fouling problems to boats and marinas in southern California (Johnson et al. 2006). | ||
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| Amathia verticillata grows epiphytically on the leaves of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in San Diego Bay, killing them (Williams 2007). | ||
| Ecological Impact | Habitat Change | |
| Amathia verticillata kills eelgrass plants in San Diego Bay, creating gaps in the seagrass canopy and bare patches of sediment, which are then colonized by adult plants (Williams 2007). | ||