Austrominius modestus

Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record:
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record:
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

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General Invasion History:

None

North American Invasion History:

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Description

Shell: Conical to tubular, white or grey; basal outline sinuous; plates thin, and usually with 2 wide, longitudinal and whiter folds, but there may be numerous ridges basally on each plate in crowded specimens; internally without ribs; radii with very oblique summits, and growth lines parallel to parietal edge of adjacent plate, so that only inferior margin of radius abuts smoothly against adjacent plates; alae wider than radii, but also have oblique summits; orifice diamond-shaped in outline, and toothed; base membranous (Foster, 1978).” “Opercular plates: Scutum triangular; externally with 2 longitudinal, dark bands; internally with a moderately prominent articular ridge, but without an adductor ridge or pits or scars for depressor muscles. Tergum with wide articular furrow; prominent articular ridge confluent with basitergal angle which is protruded from basal margin and folded on itself to form a channeled spur confluent with basitergal angle; concave basal margin with crests for depressor muscles, depending on at carinal end; carinal margin convex and somewhat thicker than central part of valve, which bears minute, calcareous projections (Foster 1978).” “Mouthparts: Labrum has 2 or 3 teeth on its crest on each side of central notch. Mandible has 5 teeth, 5th set close to a series of 4 or 5 spines, last at lower angle curved and more prominent. Maxillule has a notch with a row of short setae beneath an upper pair of stout setae; rest of cutting edge with 3 major setae on upper part and a group of shorter setae at lower angle (Foster 1978).” “Cirri: Cirrus I has an anterior ramus longer than posterior ramus. Cirrus II has subequal rami, about as long as posterior ramus of cirrus I. Cirrus III has anterior ramus slightly longer than posterior ramus, which is as long as anterior ramus of cirrus I. Cirri IV-VI all subequal in length, segments have 4 pairs of setae on anterior face and, in intermediate segments, and extra, small, proximal pair of setae no longer than short spines at and between bases of major pairs. Penis without a basidoral point (Foster 1978).” “Taxonomy: Although included in the Balanidae by virtue of the structure of the labrum, Elminius, as herein defined, still stands apart from the majority of the Balanidae by the lack of a basidoral point to the penis, as well as by the weak shell construction. Elminius may thus be a derivative of an early 6-plated balanid, before the articulation of radii and adjacent parietes occurred, and may warrant separate family ranking (Foster 1978).” Key Characteristic: The most obvious key characteristic differentiating Elminius from native East Coast species is the 4-plated shell construction. All native acorn barnacles of the North Atlantic have 6 plates.

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Taxonomy

Ecology

Food:

Phytoplankton, detritus

Consumers:

Nucella lapillus (Dogwhelk)

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

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Habitats

General Habitat	Marinas & Docks	None
General Habitat	Rocky	None
General Habitat	Vessel Hull	None

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Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Temperature (ºC)	4	Field temperature, New Zealand (Harms 1999)
Maximum Temperature (ºC)	21	Field temperature, New Zealand (Harms 1999)
Minimum Salinity (‰)	14	Experimental, Wales, Foster 1970
Maximum Salinity (‰)	47	Experimental, Wales, Foster 1970
Minimum Reproductive Temperature	6	Experimental, hatching to metamorphosis, 60% survival (Harms 1982)
Maximum Reproductive Temperature	24	Experimental, hatching to metamorphosis, 95% survival, highest tested (Harms 1982)
Minimum Reproductive Salinity	16	Experimental, hatching to metamorphosis, 70% survival, )% at 12 ppt (Harms 1982)
Maximum Reproductive Salinity	40	Experimental, hatching to metamorphosis, 40% survival, (Harms 1982)
Minimum Duration	7	Experimental, hatching to metamorphosis, 24 C, highest tested (Harms 1982)
Maximum Duration	42	Experimental, hatching to metamorphosis at 6 CHarms 1982)
Broad Temperature Range	None	Cold temperate-Warm-temperate
Broad Salinity Range	None	Mesohaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

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References

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