Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record? Willemstad/Curacao/Caribbean Sea (1957, Henry and McLaughlin 1975, earliest specimen with known date, introduction was probably much earlier)
Geographic Extent
Isla Margarita/Venezuela/Caribbean Sea (Southward 1975; del Monaco and Capelo 2000); Krajlendijk/Bonaire/Caribbean Sea (Southward 1975); Willemstad/Curacao/Caribbean Sea (1957, Henry and McLaughlin 1975); Curacao/Piscadera Inlet, Caribbean Sea (Southward 1975); Intake to power station, Port of Spain/Trinidad/Caribbean Sea (Southward 1975); On Rhizophora mangle, Oropuche Swamp/Trinidad/Godineau River (Bacon 1976); On rocks, near Vessigny, La Brea/Trinidad/Caribbean Sea; Panama/Caribbean Coast (Bacon 1976, "On both coasts of Panama" Laguna 1985); East Breakwater at Fort Randolph/Panama/Manzanillo Bay, Caribbean Sea (1974, Spivey 1976); Christobal/Panama/Limon Bay, Caribbean Sea (1974, Spivey 1976); Costa Rica/Caribbean Sea (Van Syoc 2009); Cartagena/Colombia/Caribbean Sea ((Becerra and Jiménez 1989, cited by Gracia et al. 2011); Colombia/Ciénaga de La Boquilla (Golfo de Morrosquillo) (Prüsmann and Palacio 2008, Gracia et al. 2011).
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
Regional Impacts
References
Henry, Dora P.; McLaughlin, Patsy A. (1975) The barnacles of the Balanus amphitrite complex (Cirripedia, Thoracica)., Zoologische Verhandelingen 141: 1-203Laguna, Jorge (1985) <missing title>, M.S. Thesis, University of California, San Diego. Pp. <missing location>
Southward, A. J. (1975) Intertidal and shallow water Cirripedia of the Caribbean., Studies of the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 150: 1-153
Spivey, H. R. (1976) The cirripeds of the Panama Canal, Corrosion and Marine Fouling 1(1): 43-50
Tavares, M. R.; .Franco, A. C. S. ; . Ventura, C. R. R.; .Santos, L. N. (2021) Geographic distribution of Ophiothela brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): substrate use plasticity and implications for the silent invasion of O. mirabilis in the Atlantic, Hydrobiologia 848: 2093-2103