Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Cape Verde Islands/Atlantic Ocean (O'Riordan et al. 2010). The authors note occurrences of fossil and living Western Atlantic biota in the Cape Verde region, which they attribute to plate tectonic events. However, this explanation is much less likely than anthropogenic introduction, possibly during the Slave trade.
Geographic Extent
Cape Verde Islands/Atlantic Ocean (O'Riordan et al. 2010). The authors note occurrences of fossil and living Western Atlantic biota in the Cape Verde region, which they attribute to plate tectonic events.
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Ballast Water |