Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Ukraine/Dneister Liman (Black Sea) (Identified through molecular methods; date of actual introduction unknown, Therriault et al. 2004; Zhulidov et al. 2015; Zhulidov et al. 2018)
Geographic Extent
Ukraine/Dneister Liman (Black Sea) (Identified through molecular methods; date of actual introduction unknown, Therriault et al. 2004; Zhulidov et al. 2018); Ukraine/Dnieper-Bug Liman (2003, Zhulidov et al. 2018); Ukraine/southern Bug Lagoon (2009, Heiler et al. 2010; Zhulidov et al. 2015); Russia/Tuapse River bay of the Black Sea (Zhulidov et al. 2018, 44.086389; 39.078611); * locations, Ukraine-Russia-Turkey/Black Sea and adjacent lagoons (Zhulidov et al. 2021)
Vectors
Level | Vector |
---|---|
Alternate | Ballast Water |
Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Alternate | Canal |