Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Records: France/Bay of Arcachon (by 1975, Grizel and Heral 1991, natural settlement) (Excluding introductions of C,.angulata, sometime between the 16th and 18th centuries, described in 1817, from the Tagus River, Portugal, Wolff and Reise 2002; Chainho et al. 2015).
Geographic Extent
France/Gironde Estuary (1972, Grizel and Heral 1991, natural settlement); France/Bay of Arcachon (by 1975, Grizel and Heral 1991, natural settlement); Galicia/Spain/Ria de Arosa (1980, Ruiz et al. 1992); Spain/Atlantic Ocean (1980, Ruesink et al. 2005, established); Portugal/Atlantic Ocean (1977, Ruesink et al. 2005, established); Oeiras, Alcântara, Parque das Nações marinas/Portugal/Tagus estuary (Afonso et al. 2020); Figueras/Spain/Bay of Biscay (Miralles et al. 2016); Figueras/Spain/Bay of Biscay (Miralles et al. 2016); Villaviciosa/s/Spain/Bay of Biscay (Miralles et al. 2016); Ribadesella/Spain/Bay of Biscay (Miralles et al. 2016); Llanes/Spain/Bay of Biscay (Miralles et al. 2016)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Oyster Intentional |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Fisheries | |
| Magallana gigas (Pacific Oyster) is reared extensively in the Bay of Biscay (France-Spain) (Grizel and Héral 1991; de Montaudouin et al. 1999) and on the Atlantic coast of Spain and Portugal (Ruiz et al. 1992; Ruesink et al. 2005). | ||
| Ecological Impact | Parasite/Predator Vector | |
| Parasite-Predator vector- The introduction of M. gigas has been a possible/probable vector for a number of oyster foulers or predators in the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic waters of Spain and Portugal, including the seaweed Sargassum muticum, many other macroalgal species, Pteropurpura (=Ocinebrellus) inornata (Japanese Oyster Drill), the parasitic copepod Mytilicola orientalis, and the tunicates Botrylloides violaceus, Didemnum vexillum and Perophora japonica (Goulletquer et al. 2002; El Nagar et al. 2010; Afonso 2011) | ||