Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record?: Isles of Shoals/ME/Gulf of Maine (2004, Ellis et al. 2007). Probably present by 1875-1880, based on surrounding records.
Geographic Extent
Isles of Shoals/ME/Gulf of Maine (2004, Ellis et al. 2007; Perez et al. 2009).
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Dry Ballast |
| Alternate | Natural Dispersal |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Food/Prey | |
| On the Isles of Shoals, ME, L. littorea were a major prey for Jonah Crabs (Cancer borealis), Green Crabs (Caricnus maenas), and Dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) (Ellis et al. 2007). | ||