Invasion
Invasion Description
1st record: France/Gironde Estuary (1975, Mees and Fockedey 1993, cited by Chapman and Carlton 1994)
Geographic Extent
France/Gironde Estuary (1975, Mees and Fockedey 1993, cited by Chapman and Carlton 1994; 1991, USNM 280180, U.S. National Museum of Natural History 2015); Portugal-Spain/Guadiana River estuary (2010, Nuño et al. 2018, 12-15 PSU, maximum, 1-33 PSU, overall range); Spain/Guadalquivir River estuary (1991-1994, Cuesta et al. 1996; Ruiz-Delgado et al. 2019)
Vectors
Level | Vector |
---|---|
Alternate | Hull Fouling |
Alternate | Ballast Water |