Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Huntington Beach/CA/Pacific Ocean (1964, Cohen 2005)
Geographic Extent
Cabrillo Boat Ramp, Los Angeles/CA/Los Angeles Harbor (2000, Cohen et al. 2002); Los Angeles/CA/Watchorn Basin (Los Angeles Harbor) (2000, Cohen et al. 2002); Newmark's Yacht Harbor, Los Angeles/CA/Los Angeles Harbor (2000, Cohen et al. 2002); Los Angeles-Long Beach/CA/Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors (1972, Cohen 2005; Mackie et al. 2012); Long Beach Marina/CA/Alamitos Bay (1972, Cohen 2005; Scott and terHorst 2019); Huntington Beach/CA/Pacific Ocean (1964, Cohen 2005); Huntington Beach/CA/Huntington Harbor (2001, Fairey et al. 2002; Mackie et al. 2012)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Hull Fouling |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Competition | |
| In southern California, W. subtorquata is now (2000-2003) the dominant or only form at several sites (Oceanside Harbor, Alamitos Bay, King Harbor; Geller et al. 2008) where W. arcuata was previously dominant (Banta 1969). Geller et al. (2008) suggest that W. subtorquata may be more competitive than W. arcuata in warm-temperate climates, and may be expected to extend its range northward as the climate warms. | ||