Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: South Africa/Plettenberg Bay, Indian Ocean (Day 1967, cited by Mead et al. 2011b)
Geographic Extent
South Africa/Struisbaai (Haliotis midae, Haliotis spadaciae, Turbo sarmaticusHaliotis midae, Haliotis spadaciae, Turbo sarmaticus. Burnapena sp., Crassostrea gigas, David et al. 2016); Knysna/South Africa/Indian Ocean (2013, David et al. 2016); South Africa/Plettenberg Bay, Indian Ocean (Day 1967, cited by Mead et al. 2011b); Grootbank/South Africa/Indian Ocean (2005, Simon 2011, Haliotis midae and Haliotis spadaciae); Port Elizabeth/South Africa/Indian Ocean (2005, Simon 2011, on Crassostrea gigas; 2013, David et al. 2016); Port Alfred/South Africa/Indian Ocean (2005, Simon 2011, on Haliotis spadaciae and Turbo sarmaticus; Haga Haga/South Africa/Indian Ocean (2005, Simon 2011, on Haliotis midae, Turbo sarmaticus)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Alternate | Ballast Water |
| Alternate | Hull Fouling |
| Alternate | Oyster Accidental |
Regional Impacts
| Economic Impact | Fisheries | |
| Polydora hoplura bored into the shells of cultured Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in Algoa Bay. The worms created holes in the shell, inducing the formation of mud blisters inside the shell, and lowering the quality of the oysters. A 12-hour exposure to fresh water or a 40 second exposure to 70ºC heat reduced the infestation after a 2-month recovery period (Nel et al. 1996). | ||