Invasion
Invasion Description
1st Record: Skagen Odde, Viking excavations/Denmark/North Sea (1245, Petersen et al. 1992)
Geographic Extent
'all British coasts', Ireland (Eno 1997; MarLin 2007); 'Established and very common in all Danish waters' (Jensen and Knudsen 2005); Netherlands/North Sea (Baster 1765, cited by Kerckhof et al. 2007); Netherlands/Oosterschelde (Lasota et al. 2004); Netherlands/Verse Meer (Lasota et al. 2004); Tholen/Netherlands/North Sea (ANSP 322082, Academy of Natural sciences of Philadelphia 2012, 51°32 N 4°13 E); Netherlands/Rhine Delta (Wolff 1973; Hummel and Wijnhoven 2014); Germany/Wadden Sea (Buschbaum 2012; Rohde et al. 2017); Germany/Elbe estuary (meso-euhaline, Nehring 2006); Southampton/England/the Solent (ANSP 222784, Academy of Natural sciences of Philadelphia 2012); County Derry/Northern Ireland/Mouth of River Faughan, Lough Foyle (ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2012, 54.9833333 N, 7.3 W); County Wexford/Ireland/Bannow Bay (Cross et al. 2012); Ireland/Irish Sea (by 1900, Minchin 2007)
Vectors
| Level | Vector |
|---|---|
| Probable | Fisheries Intentional |
| Alternate | Dry Ballast |
Regional Impacts
| Ecological Impact | Habitat Change | |
| In Poole Harbour, England, Mya arenaria, was the most important species contributing to bioturbation of sediments (Queiros et al. 2011). | ||