Syllis gracilis

Overview

Scientific Name: Syllis gracilis

Phylum: Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

Order: Phyllodocida

Family: Syllidae

Genus: Syllis

Species:

gracilis-complex [Described the type that was recorded as S. gracilis in Japan] [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate N. Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Pacific Uraga Strait, central Japan, Pacific side; Ariake Sea and Amakusa, west part of Kyushu. (Imajima 1966) STATUS NOT STATED Omurodashi, south of Izu-Oshima, Izu Islands and Jogashima Islet, Miura Peniusula. (Imajima 2003) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

Omurodashi, south of Izu-Oshima, Izu Islands: 35°32.5'N, 139°28.8'E. (Imajima 2003) Jogashima Islet, Miura Peniusula: 35°08.5'N, 139°35.7'E - 35°08.7'N, 139°35.6'E. (Imajima 2003)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

Not applicable

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Warm temperate

Native Temperature Range:

Tachibana Bay, west of Ariake Sound, Kyushu: Varied spacially spacially from 24ºC to 25ºC at surface and from 22ºC to 24ºC at 30 m depth in August. (Matsuno et al. 1999)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

Tachibana Bay, west of Ariake Sound, Kyushu: Varied spacially from 30 psu to 32 psu at surface and from 31 psu to 33 psu at 30 m depth in August. (Matsuno et al. 1999)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Warm temperate

Temperature Range Survival:

[Syllis gracilis] 24.228-28.071°C (OBIS 2016) RELATED: [Syllis spp.] -1.632 - 29.446 ºC (OBIS 2016b)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Warm temperate

Temperature Range Reproduction:

NF

Salinity Regime Survival:

Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

33.437 - 36.222 PPS (OBIS 2016) RELATED: [Syllis spp.] 18.107 - 39.053 PPS (OBIS 2016b)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

NF

Depth Regime:

Intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal

Depth Range:

Amakusa: Intertidal zone. (Imajima 1966) Uraga Strait, central Japan, Pacfic side: 20 to 40 m. (Imajima 1966) Omurodashi, south of Izu-Oshima, Izu Island: 86 m. (Imajima 2003) Jogashima Islet, Miura Peninsula: 55-59 m. (Imajima 2003) Ariake Sea: 20 m. (Imajima 1966)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Rare

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

External

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

Broadcast

Development Mode:

Planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding)

Asexual Reproduction:

NF

Reproduction Details:

RELATED: [Syllis spp.] Genus has species that reproduce by brooding with internal fertilization and direct development, in addition to species that brood with external fertilization and planktotrophic development (Wilson 1991) [Subfamily Syllinae] Stolonization (schizogamy). A part of the individual which becomes an epitokous sexual stage (stolon), which is massed with sexual products and usually has a special (stolonial) head. The stolon breaks away from the atokous benthic individual to lead a brief pelagic existence. Stolons are exclusively devoted to mating, which is followed by death. The unchanged benthic parent stock survives, regenerates the lost segments, and then reproduces again (Franke 1999) [Family Syllidae] Many species in the family reproduce asexually by transverse fission or by budding (Kozloff 1990)

Adult Mobility:

Actively mobile (Mobility is a normal part of at least part of the adult life cycle - at least in spurts. Not dependent upon distance traveled)

Adult Mobility Details:

[Syllidae] Motile (Fauchald & Jumars 1979)

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

NF

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

[Polychaeta] Spawning is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, day length and lunar cycles. (Clark 1979, cited in Kupriyanova et al. 2001)

Reproduction Time:

NF

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

NF

Adult Growth Rate:

NF

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

See datail

Habitat Type:

See detail

Substrate:

See detail

Exposure:

Exposed, Semi-exposed

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

Among holdfasts of algae at intertidal zone. (Imajima 1983, 1996)

Trophic Level:

Predator

Trophic Details:

NF

Forage Mode:

Generalist

Forage Details:

NF

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Fauchald K & Jumars PA (1979) The diet of worms: a study of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanography and Marine Biology - An Annual Review 17: 193-284. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/255608624_The_diet_of_worms_a_study_of_Polychaete_feeding_guilds Franke HD (1999) Reproduction of the Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Hydrobiologia 402: 39-55. link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1003732307286 Imajima M (1966) The Syllidae (polychaetous annelids) from Japan (IV). Syllinae (1). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 14: 219-252. http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/175436/1/fia0143_219.pdf Imajima M (1983) Systematics and ecology of the Japanese polychaetes (18) -3. Systematics of the Family Syllidae-12. Aquabiology 5: 218-221. (in Japanese) Imajima M (1996) Polychaetous annelids. Syllidae, Nereididae, Nephtydae, Spionidae, Maldanidae and Serpulidaie. Seibutsu Kenkyusha Co. Ltd., Tokyo: 530pp. (in Japanese) Imajima M (2003) Polychaetous annelids from Sagami Bay and Sagami Sea collected by Emperor Showa of Japan and deposited at the Showa Memorial Instutute, National Science Museum, Tokyo (II). Orders included within the Phyllodocida, Amphinomida, Spintherida and Eunicida. National Science Museum monographs 23: 1-221. Kozloff EN (1990) Invertebrates. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College Publishing Kupriyanova EK, Nishi E, ten Hove HA, Rzhavsky AV (2001) Life-history patterns in serpulimorph polychaetes: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review 39: 1-101. Matsuno T, Shigeoka M, Tamaki A, Nagata T,. Nishimura K (1999) Distributions of water masses and currents in Tachibana Bay, west of Ari-ake Sound, Kyushu, Japan. Journal of Oceanography 55: 515-529. OBIS. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 08-2016 OBISb. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 01-09-2016 *Note: genus level data Wilson WH (1991) Sexual reproductive modes in polychaetes: Classification and diversity. Bulletin of Marine Science 48(2): 500-516. www.researchgate.net/publication/233656834_Sexual_reproductive_modes_in_polychaetes_Classification_and_diversity

Literature:

NA

Notes:

NA