Sphenia coreanica

Overview

Scientific Name: Sphenia coreanica

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Myida

Family: Myidae

Genus: Sphenia

Species:

coreanica? [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate N. Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

[Sphenia coreanica] Temperate Northern Pacific Ulsan, southern Korean Peninsula (Higo et al. 1999) *Type locality [Japan] Boso Peninsula to Kyushu and southern Korean Peninsula. (Okutani ed. 2000) STATUS NOT STATED Boso Peninsula to Kyushu along the Pacific side and Seto Inland Sea. Northern to southern Kyushu at Japan Sea side; Southern Korea, Yellow Sea. (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] 31ºN-35ºN at both Paficic side and Japan Sea side. (Inaba 1982) [Korea] 37º36'N, 125º42'E and 37º38'N, 125º43'E (Yoo et al. 2014)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

[Sphenia coreanica] Yes (Long 1974, Carlton & Eldredge 2009)

Non-native Region:

Eastern Indo-Pacific

Invasion Propens:

Eastern Indo-Pacific [Sphenia coreanica] Reported the establishment of S. c. in Pearl Harbor in 1999 (Carlton & Eldredge 2009) *Introduced, though with the question mark to the genus. First recorded is at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii in 1968 (Long 1974)

Status Date Non-native:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Pearl Harbour, Hawaii] 1968 (Long 1974) 1999 (Carlton & Eldredge 2009), though with the question mark to the genus.

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Hull fouling

Second Vector:

NF

Vector Details:

[Sphenia coreanice] [Hawaii] Hull fouling (Carlton & Eldredge 2009)

Spread Rate:

NF

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

NF

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

NF

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Warm temperate

Native Temperature Range:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] The water temperature of Bungo Channel where with Kunimi Town which is a locality ofwhere S. c. is locateddistributed is from about 8ºC in winter to about 28ºC in summer. (Inaba 1982, Inaba 1988)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Tropical

Non-native Temperature Range:

[Hawaii] Water temperature in the Pearl harbor where S. ?c. was collected varies annually from 23 to 29ºC. (Coles et al. 1999)

Native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] The salinity of Bungo Channel where with Kunimi Town which is a locality ofwhereS. c. is locateddistributed is from about 28 psu in summer to about 31 psu in autumn. (Inaba 1982, Inaba 1988)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Mesohaline, Poyhaline, Euhaline

Temperature Regime Survival:

Warm temperate, Tropical

Temperature Range Survival:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] The water temperature of Bungo Channel wherewith Kunimi Town which is a locality ofwhereS. c. is locateddistributed is from about 8ºC in winter to about 31ºC in summer. (Inaba 1982, Inaba 1988) [Hawaii] Water temperature in the Pearl harbor where S. ? c. was collected varies annually from 23 to 29ºC. (Coles et al. 1999)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Warm temperate, Tropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] The water temperature of Bungo Channel wherewith Kunimi Town which is a locality of whereS. c. is locateddistributed is from about 8ºC in winter to about 31ºC in summer. (Inaba 1982, Inaba 1988) [Hawaii] Water temperature in the Pearl harbor where S. ? c. was collected varies annually from 23 to 29ºC. (Coles et al. 1999)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Mesohaline, Poyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] The water temperature of Bungo Channel wherewith Kunimi Town which is a locality of whereS. c. is located distributed is from about 28 psu in summer to about 31 psu in autumn.. (Inaba 1982, Inaba 1988) [Hawaii] Annual salinities range in the Pearl harbor where S. ? c. was collected is from 10 psu to 37 psu (mean 33 psu). (Coles et al. 1999)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] The salinity of Bungo Channel wherewith Kunimi Town which is a locality ofwhereS. c. is locateddistributed is from about 28 psu in summer to about 31 psu in autumn. (Inaba 1982, Inaba 1988) [Hawaii] Annual salinities range in the Pearl harbor where S. ? c. was collected is from 10 psu to 37 psu (mean 33 psu). (Coles et al. 1999)

Depth Regime:

[Sphenia coreanica] Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal

Depth Range:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] Interdidal to 20 m (Higo et al. 1999) [Korea] 4-10 m (Yoo et al. 2014) [Hawaii] 9 m (Carlton & Eldredge 2009)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

[Sphenia coreanica] Rare, Few

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktonic larva (type unspecified)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

NF

Adult Mobility:

Facultatively mobile (Species with limited mobility, in particular to repositioning themselves in response to environmental disturbances (e.g., sea anemones))

Adult Mobility Details:

NF

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

RELATED: [Bivalvia] Spawning occurs from early summer to autumn is common for bivalves are in temperate or tropical zone. (Sumikawa 1994)

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

RELATED: [Bivalvia] Among several reproduction cues including wave shock, the change of salinity, lunar age and tidal rhythm, the change of the water temperature is the most important factor. (Orton 1920 and etc., cited in Sumikawa 1994)

Reproduction Time:

RELATED: [Bivalvia] Spawning occurs from early summer to autumn is common for bivalves are in temperate or tropical zone. (Sumikawa 1994)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

NF

Adult Growth Rate:

NF

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

[Sphenia coreanica] Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, SAV, Fouling

Habitat Type:

[Sphenia coreanica] Epibenthic, Semi-infaunal

Substrate:

[Sphenia coreanica] Gravel, Rock, Biogenic

Exposure:

[Sphenia coreanica] Semi-exposed, Protected

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

[Sphenia coreanica] [Japan] Among roots of weed or rocks (Higo et al. 1999) Among gravels and/or rocks (Inaba 1982) [Korea] On the artificial reef (Yoo et al. 2014) [Hawaii] In fouling assemblages (Carlton & Eldredge 2009)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeder

Trophic Details:

NF

Forage Mode:

Non-selective

Forage Details:

NF

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Carlton JT & Eldredge LG (2009) Marine bioinvasions of Hawai'i. The introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine animals and plants of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies 4: 1-202. Coles et al. (1999) Historical and recent introductions of non-indigenous marine species into Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Marine Biology 135: 147-158. Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp. Inaba A (1982) Molluscan fauna of the Inland Sea, Japan. Hiroshima shell club, Hiroshima: 181pp. (in Japanese) Inaba A (1988) Fauna and flora of the Seto Inland Sea. Second edition. Mukaishima Marine Biological Laboratory of Hirosihma University: 475pp. (in Japanese with English summary) Long ER (1974) Marine fouling studies off Oahu, Hawaii. The Veliger 17: 23–36. Okutani T (ed) (2000) Marine mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo: 1173pp. (in Japanese) Sumikawa S (1994) Reproduction. In: Handbook of Malacology Vol. 1. Habe T, Okutani T, Nishiwaki S (eds.), Scientist-sha Inc., Tokyo: 159-176. (in Japanese) Yoo et al. (2014) A study on the ecological indices for the assessment of the function and maturity of artificial reefs. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography 19: 8-34. (in Korean with English abstract)

Literature:

Moderate level of information; data from comparable regions or older data (more than 10 years) from the area of interest

Notes:

NA