Patinopecten yessoensis

Overview

Scientific Name: Patinopecten yessoensis

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Pectinida

Family: Pectinidae

Genus: Patinopecten

Species:

yessoensis [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Pacific From Okhotsk to Tohoku (Okutani ed. 2000) STATUS NOT STATED Mainland is Shakhalin, Hokkaido and the east side of Korean Peninsula and the southern limit on the Sea of Japan side is Toyama Bay and Noto Peninsula, and that of Pacific side is Tokyo Bay. (Miyazaki 1957)

Geographic Range:

NF

General Diversity:

Genetic distance between Funka Bay and Honshu is considerably far with the Nei distance of 0.08. On the other hand, the distance is nearer with the distance less than 0.04 among Honshu regions (Mori ed. 2005)

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2015)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Cold water, Cool water, cool temperate, mild temterate

Native Temperature Range:

[Brood stage] From 6ºC to 20ºC (Yamamot 1964) [Floating stage] From 6ºC to 20ºC (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965) [After settlement] From -0.2ºC to 20ºC (Research Council of Marine Living Organisms and Thermal Effluent 1973)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

[Brooding stage] 30 psu - 40 psu (corresponding value caliculated by a state equation of the water temperature and σt. The same applies to the following.) (Yamamoto 1964) [Floating stage] 23.8 psu - 35.6 psu (Maru et al. 1978) [After settlement] 31.7 psu - 32 psu (Tamura 1960)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Cold water, Cool water, cool temperate, mild temterate

Temperature Range Survival:

[Brood stage] From 6ºC to 20ºC (Yamamot 1964) [Floating stage] From 6ºC to 20ºC (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965) [After settlement] From -0.2ºC to 20ºC (Research Council of Marine Living Organisms and Thermal Effluent 1973)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Cold water, Cool water, cool temperate, mild temterate

Temperature Range Reproduction:

Critical temperature of spawning is about 9ºC at Lake Saloma. (Kinoshita 1940) Critical temperature of spawning is 8.0 - 8.5ºC in Mutsu Bay (Yamamoto 1951)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

[Brooding stage] 30 psu - 40 psu with optimum salinity 37 psu (Yamamoto 1964) [Floating stage] 23.8 psu - 35.6 psu (corresponding value caliculated by a state equation of the water temperature and σt. The same applies to the following.) (Maru et al. 1978) [After settlement] 31.7 psu - 32 psu (Tamura 1960)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

30 psu - 40 psu with optimum salinity 37 psu (Yamamoto 1964)

Depth Regime:

Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal

Depth Range:

Depth range is 2-13m at Lake Saloma but it extends from several meter to over 60m at the fishing ground of the coast of Okhotsk having the major of that at depth of about 40m. (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Abundant

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktonic larva (type unspecified)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

Eggs grow up to D-shaped larvae in 6 or 7 days after the fertilization. They settle to the substrata by their byssus at shell length of 300-400 μm after 30-40 days after the fertilization at 10ºC in Mutsu Bay. (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965) When they spend two to three months on the substrata and grow up to around 1cm, they cut their byssus and move to the bottom. (Sakuma & Hirano 1933) Critical temperate for breeding is 8.0-8.5ºC. (Yamamoto 1964) Growth of plankton larvae is 3 to 6 μm per day and that of pediveliger is 5 to 10 μm. (Maru & Nakagawa 1979, Maru 1983)

Adult Mobility:

Facultatively mobile (Species with limited mobility, in particular to repositioning themselves in response to environmental disturbances (e.g., sea anemones))

Adult Mobility Details:

According to the release test of labelled shells off the coast of Monbetsu, Hokkaido, it is considered that the shell movement is influenced by the Tsushima Current with the distance from 2 to 16.9 nortical miles during 59 days. However, it is also said that the consistency of the fishing ground and the existence of local variation of shell structure of P yessoensis show fewer movement of the shell. (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965) Relative speed increases with the temperature rise under the condition of 5ºC- 20ºC. It extremely decreases under the condition of less than 4ºC and over 22-23ºC and it stops at the temperature of 0ºC and 23ºC. (Yamamoto 1964)

Maturity Size:

3.9cm at Lake Saroma, Hokkaido (Nishioka & Yamamoto 1944)

Maturity Age:

A sperm can be found in an individuals of one year at Lake Saroma and Utoro, Hokkaido. (Nishioka & Yamamoto 1944) Both sexes of P. yessoensis are mature at two years. (Nishioka & Yamamoto 1944)

Reproduction Lifespan:

Spawning season is varies slightly every place. Kesennuma, Miyagi prefecture: April to June (Obata & Suda 1975) Mutsu Bay, Aomori prefecture: March to April (Yamamoto 1943) Funka Bay, Hokkaido: April to June (Kawamata 1983) Rumoi, Hokkaido: April to May (Kawamata 1988) Nemuro, Hokkaido: May to August (Mihara 1940)

Longevity:

[VARIABILITY] 10 to 12 years (Marine Ecology Research Institute 1991) More than 8 years in Hokkaido. (Kikuchi 1999) More than 5 years in Aomori Prefecture. (Kikuchi 1999)

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

"CONFLICT" Spawning was induced by the simultaneous raise of PH (from 8.1 to 8.5) by NaOH and of more than 5ºC of water temperature. (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965) Spawning was induced by the raise of sea water but was not induced by that of PH (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965) Rapid increase from the critical temperature of 8.0-8.5ºC induces the spawning. (Yamamoto 1964)

Reproduction Time:

Spawning season is varies slightly every place. Kesennuma, Miyagi prefecture: April to June (Obata & Suda 1975) Mutsu Bay, Aomori prefecture: March to April (Yamamoto 1943) Funka Bay, Hokkaido: April to June (Kawamata 1983) Rumoi, Hokkaido: April to May (Kawamata 1988) Nemuro, Hokkaido: May to August (Mihara 1940)

Fecundity:

"VARIABILITY" 9 millions to 120 million eggs per adult shell-fish at Lake Saloma (Maru 1985) 8,000 to 18,000 eggs per adult shell-fish (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965)

Egg Size:

55 μm (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965) 70 to 100 μm (Yamamoto 1964)

Egg Duration:

It takes 40 hours until blastula and about 4 days until trochophore after fertilization (Yamamoto 1964)

Early Life Growth Rate:

Growth of plankton larvae is 3 to 6 μm per day and that of pediveliger is 5 to 10 μm. (Maru & Nakagawa 1979, Maru 1983)

Adult Growth Rate:

Adult grows up to 42.3-45.2mm in one year, up to 74.7-105mm in two years, up to 107.3-120mm in three years, up to 114.6-136mm in four years, up to 127.4-145mm in five years, up to 143.3-155mm in six years and up to 152.8-168.1mm in seven year along the coast of Hokkaido. (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965)

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

Spats build a dense assemblages at the part of the fishing ground. After having maintained these assemblages for one year, young shells are dispersed into adult populations. (Ohshima et al. 1967)

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Other

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic

Substrate:

Gravel

Exposure:

Exposed

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

Together with a relatively strong tidal current as a necessary condition, the bottom condition with many gravels and shell fragments is optimum habitats for the shell. (Ohshima et al. eds. 1965)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeder

Trophic Details:

Micro plankton consisted of diatoms, protozoans, crustaceans, chrolophyta, spore of algae, echinoids larvae and etc. and detritus (Kinoshita & Hirano 1935, Ohshima et al. eds. 1965)

Forage Mode:

Non-selective

Forage Details:

NF

Natural Control:

[Parasites] Borer: Polydora brevipalpa, P. websteri, P. curiosa, Dipolydora concharum, D. alborectalis, and D. bidentata (Okoshi et al. 1990, Sato-Ohkoshi 1999)

Associated Species:

[Travellers] Outer shells of cultivated P. yessoensis are fouled by crustaceans, bivalves, polychaetes, tunicates, hydrozoans and bryozoans. In detail, barnacle; Balanus trigonus, Balanus rostratus, and Megabalanus rosa, polchaeta; Hydroides elegans, and Dexiospira foraminosa, anthozoa; Metridium senile, bivalve; Mytilus galloprovincialis, Hiatella orientalis, tunicata; Ciona savignyi, Styela clava, Chelysoma siboya, and Corella japonica. (Mori ed. 2005) [Parasites] Borer: Polydora brevipalpa, P. websteri, P. curiosa, Dipolydora concharum, D. alborectalis, and D. bidentata (Okoshi et al. 1990, Sato-Ohkoshi 1999)

References and Notes

References:

Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=septifer+virgatus&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN&x=14&y=8. Access Date: 24-Aug-2015. Kawamata K (1983) Spawning cycle of released Hotate-gai Patinopecten yessoensis in Funka Bay. Scientific Report of Hokkaido Fisheries Research Institute 25: 15-20. (in Japanese) Kawamata K (1988) Gonad devepopment process of cultured Hotate-gai Patinopecten yessoensis at the coast of Rumoi. Scientific Report of Hokkaido Fisheries Research Institute 31: 9-13. (in Japanese) Kikuchi T (1999) Growth and age. In Handbook of Malacology. Habe et al. (eds.). Scientist Inc., Tokyo : 65-79. (in Japanese) Kinoshita T (1940) Influence of Water Temperatures in the Spawning Season of Scallop, Pecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis JAY, upon Collecting Seed scallops. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 9: 30-32. (in Japanese with English synopsis) Kinoshita T & Hirano Y (1935) The food of Pecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis JAY in Hokkaido. Dobutsugaku Zasshi 47: 1-8. (in Japanese) Marine Ecology Research Institute (1991) The ecological information of marine organisms living at the coastal waters. Section of molluscs, crustaceans and echinoids. Marine Ecology Research Institute, Tokyo: 535pp. (in Japanese) Maru K (1983) On the technology of seedling product of Patinopecten yessoensis. Monthly Report of Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association 229: 9-22. (in Japanese) Maru K (1985) Ecological studies on the seedling production. Scientific Report of Hokkaido Fisheries Research Institute 27: 1-53 (in Japanese) Maru K & Nakagawa Y (1979) Experiment for collecting seedling of Patinopecten yessoensis at the open sea. Buisiness Report of Abashiri Fisheries Experimental Station, Hokkaido in 1978: page unknow. (in Japanese) Maru K et al. (1978) Tolerance test on the temperature and the specific gravity of Patinopecten yessoensis. Buisiness Report of Abashiri Fisheries Experimental Station, Hokkaido in 1977: 147-148. (in Japanese) Mihara T (1940) On spawning season and the appearance of larvae of Hotate-gai Patinopecten yessoensis at the coast of Nemuro. Journal of Hokkaido Fisheries Experimental Station 44: 12-16. (in Japanese) Miyazaki I (1957) Mariculture of bivalves. Isana Shobo Co. Ltd., Tokyo: 158pp. (in Japanese) Mori K (2005) Patinopecten yessoensis. in Systems of aquaculture 3. Molluscs, Crustacea, Echinoid, Algae (Mori K ed.). Koseisha-Koseikaku Inc.: 171-267. (in Japanese) Nishioka U & Yamamoto G (1943) On the distribution of Patinopecten yessoensis and the bottom sediment in Mutsu Bay. Report of Institute for Agriculture Research, Tohoku Imperial University 9: 1-15. (in Japanese) Obata K & Suda (1975) On the gonad of one year shell of cultured Hotate-gai Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay) at Kesennuma region. Bulletin of the Kesennuma Fisheries Experimental Station 1: 9-17. (in Japanese) Ohkoshi W & Nomura T (1990) Infestation of the Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis by the Boring Polychaetes Polydora on the Coast of Hokkaido and Tohoku District. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 56: 1593-1598. (in Japanese with English abstract) Ohshima et al. eds. (1965) Shallow water aquaculture of 60 species. Taisei-shuppansha Inc., Tokyo: 418pp. (in Japanese) Okutani T (ed) (2000) Marine mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo: 1173pp. (in Japanese) Research Council of Marine Living Organisms and Thermal Effluent (1973) Effects of thermal effluent on marine living organisms. Series of fisheries science 25. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo: 158pp. (in Japanese) Sakuma M & Hirano Y (1933) Settlement period of Patinopecten yessoensis. Journal of Hokkaido Fisheries Experimental Station 233: 310-311. Sato-Ohkoshi W (1999) Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with description of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831-848. Tamura T (1960) Shallow sea aquaculture. Series of fisheries science 2. Koseisha-koseikaku Inc., Tokyo: 368pp. (in Japanese) Yamamoto G (1943) Gametogenesis and the breeding season of the Japanese common scallop, Pecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis JAY. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 12: 21-26. (in Japanese with English synopsis) Yamamoto G (1951) Ecological study on the spawning of the scallop, Pecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis in Mutsu Bay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 17: 13-16. (in Japanese with English synopsis) Yamamoto (1964) Aquaculture of Patinopecten yessoensis in Mutsu Bay. Series of fisheries science 6. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo: 77pp. (in Japanese)

Literature:

Extensive scientific information; peer-reviewed information; data specific to the location; supported by long-term datasets (10 years or more)

Notes:

NA