Ostrea denselamellosa
Overview
Scientific Name: Ostrea denselamellosa
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Ostreida
Family: Ostreidae
Genus: Ostrea
Species:
denselamellosa
[Describe here as A. iricolor]
Native Distribution
Origin Realm:
Temperate N. Pacific
Native Region:
Origin Location:
Temperate Northern Pacific
[Japan] From Boso Peninsula to Kyushu (Okutani ed. 2000) STATUS NOT STATED
From Hakodate (Hokkaido) to Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Yaeyama archpelago (Okinawa) but mainly distributed at Seto Inland Sea. (Tamura 1960)
From Mutsu Bay to Kyushu (Ministry of the Environment ed. 2014)
[China] From Liaoning Provicne to Guangdong Province (Zhongyan 2004) STATUS NOT STATED
[Korea] Occurs in the southern part of the east, south and west coast of Korea. (Park et al. 1988) STATUS NOT STATED
Central Indo-Pacific
From Hakodate (Hokkaido) to Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Yaeyama archpelago (Okinawa) but mainly distributed at Seto Inland Sea. (Tamura 1960)
Geographic Range:
[Japan, China] From 25ºN to 36ºN at both the Pacific and the Japan Sea side (Inaba 1982, Zhongyan 2004)
General Diversity:
NF
Non-native Distribution
Invasion History:
No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2015)
Non-native Region:
Not applicable
Invasion Propens:
Not applicable
Status Date Non-native:
Not applicable
Vectors and Spread
Initial Vector:
Not applicable
Second Vector:
Not applicable
Vector Details:
Not applicable
Spread Rate:
Not applicable
Date First Observed in Japan:
Not applicable
Date First Observed on West coast North America:
Not applicable
Impacts
Impact in Japan:
Not applicable
Global Impact:
Not applicable
Tolerences
Native Temperature Regime:
Mild temperate, Worm temperate, Subtropical
Native Temperature Range:
Upper limit of temperature range is unknown but it is known that survival rate of spat decreased in 15ºC or less. (Shimizu 2011)
Non-native Temperature Regime:
Not applicable
Non-native Temperature Range:
Not applicable
Native Salinity Regime:
Polyhaline,
Euhaline
Native Salinity Range:
The range of salinity of O. denselamellosa is from 27psu to 34psu, though they can alive at extraordinary condition at 21psu and 35psu. (Amemiya 1928)
Non-native Salinity Regime:
Not applicable
Temperature Regime Survival:
Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical
Temperature Range Survival:
RELATED:
[Ostrea spp.] 8.302 - 25.634ºC (OBIS 2016)
Temperature Regime Reproduction:
Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical
Temperature Range Reproduction:
Critical temperature of spawning is 21-23ºC. (Miyazaki 1957)
Salinity Regime Survival:
Polyhaline, Euhaline
Salinity Range Survival:
The range of salinity of O. denselamellosa is from 27psu to 34psu, though they can alive at extraordinary condition at 21psu and 35psu. (Amemiya 1928)
RELATED:
[Ostrea spp.] 30.162 - 37.286 PPS (OBIS 2016) Salintiy Regime Reproduction:
Polyhaline, Euhaline
Salinity Range Reproduction:
The optimal salinity range for the development is from 22 psu to ca. 41 psu including optimal range from 29 psu to 33 psu. (Amemiya 1928)
Depth Regime:
Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal
Depth Range:
Habitat is below low tide mark and ranges to 7 or 9m deep, or even sometimes to as deep as 18m. (Amemiya 1928)
Habitat is from lower intertidal to 35m deep (Ministry of the Environment ed. 2014)
Non-native Salinity Range:
Native Abundance:
Rare
Reproduction
Fertilization Mode:
Internal
Reproduction Mode:
Hermaphrodite/ monoecious
Spawning Type:
None
Development Mode:
Planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding)
Asexual Reproduction:
Does not reproduce asexually
Reproduction Details:
The eggs after spawning remain long in the shell cavity of the parent oyster, where fertilization takes place and therein, too, the embryo pass through stages of metamorphosis, until well-developed shell-larvae are attained, when they begin their independent existence in the open water. (Amemiya 1928)
About 0.01mm/day (calculated from the size of pediveliger which is 0.37-0.38mm, and the duration of plankton stage which is about 28 days) (Miyazaki 1957)
Adult Mobility:
Sessile
Adult Mobility Details:
[Ostreidae] Pediveliger larva secretes the cement substance and adheres to the substrata firmly by its left valve. Ostreidae never moves after its settlement (Sasaki 2010)
Maturity Size:
NF
Maturity Age:
NF
Reproduction Lifespan:
Spawning season is from early June to September (Tamura 1960)
Spawning season is from June to the middle of July, but the mature reproductive elements were observed in late July or even August. (Amemiya 1928)
Longevity:
More than six years (Ministry of the Environment ed. 2014)
Broods per Year:
NF
Reproduction Cues:
[Bivalvia]
Among several reproduction cues including wave shock, the change of salinity, lunar age and tidal rhythm, the change of the water temperature is the most important factor. (Orton 1920 and etc., cited in Sumikawa 1994)
Reproduction Time:
Spawning season is from early June to September (Tamura 1960)
Spawning season is from June to the middle of July, but the mature reproductive elements were observed in late July or even August. (Amemiya 1928)
Fecundity:
Two millions (Tamura 1960)
Egg Size:
From 0.09 to 0.11mm. (Amemiya 1928)
Egg Duration:
After ferilization,
it takes about two hours for appearance of first polar body,
two hours and a half for appearance of second polar body,
four hours for first segmentation,
and 30 hours for beginning of rotating movement. (Amemiya 1928)
Early Life Growth Rate:
About 0.01mm/day (calculated from the size of pediveliger which is 0.37-0.38mm, and the duration of plankton stage which is about 28 days) (Miyazaki 1957)
Adult Growth Rate:
4cm in a half year, 5cm in a year, 8cm in two years and the shell lived more than six years attains the size of 10-13cm. (Tamura 1960, Ministry of the Environment ed. 2014)
Population Growth Rate:
NF
Population Variablity:
NF
Habitat
Ecosystem:
Other
Habitat Type:
Epibenthic
Substrate:
Gravel
Exposure:
Protected
Habitat Expansion:
NF
Habitat Details:
O. denselamellosa occurs in the rather warm, shallow waters of the coastal region where the bottom is gravelly.
Trophic Level:
Suspension feeder
Trophic Details:
NF
Forage Mode:
Non-selective
Forage Details:
NF
Natural Control:
NF
Associated Species:
NF
References and Notes
References:
Amemiya I (1928) Ecological studies of Japanese oysters, with special reference to the salinity of their habitats. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University 9: 333-381.
Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=septifer+virgatus&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN&x=14&y=8. Access Date: 14-Aug-2015.
Inaba A (1982) Molluscan fauna of the Inland Sea, Japan. Hiroshima shell club, Hiroshima: 181pp. (in Japanese)
Japanese Association of Benthology (2012) Threatened animals of Japanese tidal flat: Red data book of seashore benthos. Tokai University Press, Tokyo: 285pp. (in Japanese)
Ministry of the Environment ed. (2014) Red Data Book 2014. 6. Molluscs. Gyosei Press Inc.: 455pp. (in Japanese)
Miyazaki I (1957) Mariculture of bivalves. Isana Shobo Co. Ltd., Tokyo: 158pp. (in Japanese)
OBIS. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 23-09-2016 *Note: for genus level data
Okutani T (ed) (2000) Marine mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo: 1173pp. (in Japanese)
Park BH et al (1988) Culture of the pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in the Republic of Korea. National Fisheries Research and Development Agency Pusan, Republic of Korea: 54pp.
Sasaki T (2010) Malacology. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo: 381pp. (in Japanese)
Shimizu Y (2011) Torelance of Ostrea denselamellosa spat in cold strage. Bulletin of the Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agricalture, Forestry, and Fisheries Research Institute for Fisheries Science 26: 53-54. (in Japanese)
Sumikawa S (1994) Reproduction. In: Handbook of Malacology Vol. 1. Habe T, Okutani T, Nishiwaki S (eds.), Scientist-sha Inc., Tokyo: 159-176. (in Japanese)
Tamura T (1960) Shallow sea aquaculture. Series of fisheries science 2. Koseisha-koseikaku Inc., Tokyo: 368pp. (in Japanese)
Yamaga K (2005) Seedling production and experimental culture of Ostrea denselamellosa. Buisiness Report of Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station in 2003: 64-68. (in Japanese)
Zhongyan Q (ed) (2004) Seashells of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing: 418pp.
Literature:
Moderate level of information; data from comparable regions or older data (more than 10 years) from the area of interest
Notes:
NA