Mitrella moleculina

Overview

Scientific Name: Mitrella moleculina

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Neogastropoda

Family: Columbellidae

Genus: Mitrella

Species:

moleculina (synonymized with Columbella moleculina and C. inscripta) [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific, Temperate Australasia, Eastern Indo-Pacific, Western Indo-Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Temperate Northern Pacific [Japan] Boso Peninsula and southward along the Pacific Coast and west side of Kyushu, East China Sea. (Higo et al. 1999 as Metanachis moleculina which is a junior synonym of Mitrella moleculina) STATUS NOT STATED Kii Peninsula, Honshu (Habe, 1975) (cited in Sleurs 1987) STATUS NOT STATED Central Indo-Pacific Singapore (Wong 2008) STATUS NOT STATED [Singapore] East Coast Park, Singapore (Won 2008) STATUS NOT STATED Phillipines; Ambon Island, Indonesia (deMaintenon 1990) STATUS NOT STATED [China] Taiwan and Hainan (Xisha Islands) (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED [Papa New Ginea] Northern coast of Papua New Guinea. (Sleurs 1987) STATUS NOT STATED Damley I., Percy I. (Brazier 1877); Cape Jaubert (Odhner 1917); Port Moresby (Hedley 1901); Northern Coast of Papua Guinea (K.B.I.N.); New Caledonia (Hervier 1900; Coll. Dautzenberg leg. Lambert); Tahiti (Coll. Dautzenberg leg. Cherubin) (cited in Sleurs 1987) STATUS NOT STATED Akajima, Okinawa Prefecture. (Okutani & Tsuchiya 1998) STATUS NOT STATED Akajima, Okinawa Prefecture. (Okutani & Tsuchiya 1998) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate Australasia Sharks Bay (Thiele 1930) (cited in Sleurs 1987) STATUS NOT STATED Eastern Indo-Pacific French Polynesia: Society Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Marquesas Islands, Austral Islands (Tröndlé and Boutet 2009) STATUS NOT STATED Western Indo-Pacific Malagasy (Dautzenberg 1932; Coll. Dautzenberg leg. Petit); Mauritius (Coll. Dautzenberg ex Sowerby); Seychelles I. (Coll. Dautzenberg leg. Cherubin) (cited in Sleurs 1987) STATUS NOT STATED Uncertain realm Indo-Pacific; Indo-West Pacific (Wong 2008) STATUS NOT STATED [China] Taiwan (Xisha Islands) (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED Natal (Smith, 1910) (cited in Sleurs 1987) STATUS NOT STATED [Columbella inscripta (synonymized taxon)] Katow (Sleurs 1987) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

Geographic coverage: -56.4000015258789 -43.8000030517578,159.100006103516 -9.5 (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) range extends throughout tropical Indo-West Pacific (Wong 2008)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2015, 2016)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Native Temperature Range:

Temperature: 25.301 °C (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) Tropical Indo-West Pacific (Wong 2008) Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

35.082 PPS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Survival:

Temperature: 25.301 °C (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) Tropical Indo-West Pacific (Wong 2008) Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Mitrella spp.] 0.095 - 28.540ºC (OBIS 2016b)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

35.082 PPS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Mitrella spp.] 31.893 - 38.362 PPS (OBIS 2016b)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal

Depth Range:

Found intertidally to subtidal depths of 25 m (deMaintenon 1990) Sample depth: 19-110 m (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) [Japan] Subtidal zone to 20 m deep (Okutani ed. 2000)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Common, Abundant

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

Internal

Reproduction Mode:

See details

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

Spawning type of Neogastropoda is internal fertilization by couplation. (Koike & Shinohara 1984) It is also said sequential hermaphrodites. (Woodruff et al. 1986) [Mitrella bicincta] Egg capsules of 26 to 42 constitute a group and are spawned on the surface of shell or various fucus such as Padina. (Amio 1955) [Mitrell sp.] Few days or more than ten days after the spawning of egg capsules, embryos inside there are hatched as veligers. (Bandel 1974) Gonochoristic/ dioecious; planktotrophic planktonic larva (feeding); does not reproduce asexually (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Adult Mobility:

Actively mobile (Mobility is a normal part of at least part of the adult life cycle - at least in spurts. Not dependent upon distance traveled)

Adult Mobility Details:

Actively mobile (Mobility is a normal part of at least part of the adult life cycle - at least in spurts. Not dependent upon distance traveled) (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

RELATED: [Mitrella bicincta] [Japan] Spawning season is November to March. (Amio 1963)

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

NF

Reproduction Time:

RELATED: [Mitrella bicincta] [Japan] Spawning season is November to March. (Amio 1963)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

RELATED: [Mitrella bicincta] [Japan] 0.14 mm (Amio 1963)

Egg Duration:

RELATED: [Mitrella bicincta] [Japan] It takes 30 days before hatching. (Amio 1963)

Early Life Growth Rate:

RELATED: [Mitrella bicincta] [Japan] Shell size of larvae is 0.3 mm in length when they hatch. (Amio 1963) [Mitrella bicincta] [Japan] In 18 days after the hatch, the veliger attains to 0.42 mm in height. (Amio 1955)

Adult Growth Rate:

shell length: 4.5 to 6 mm, up to 7.5 mm (deMaintenon 1990)

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Rocky subtidal

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic

Substrate:

Rock

Exposure:

Exposed

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

[Japan] Found on the rock. (Higo et al. 1999) Exposed (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Trophic Level:

Predator

Trophic Details:

RELATED: [Mitrella argus] It eats small animals attached to the plant. (Bandel 1974)

Forage Mode:

Selective

Forage Details:

RELATED: [Mitrella argus] It eats small animals attached to the plant. (Bandel 1974)

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Amio M (1955) On the eggs and early life history of Pyrenidae (Columbellidae) in marine gastropods. Journal of National Fisheries University 4: 231-238. Amio M (1963) A comparative study of marine gastropods, with ecological considerations. Journal of National Fisheries University 12: 229-358. (in Japanese with English summary) Bandel K (1974) Spawning and development of some Columbellidae from the Carribean Sea of Colombia (South America). The Veliger 16: 271-282. Bower SM (2013) Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially Exploited Shellfish: Siphon Snails of Clams and Cockles. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/aah-saa/diseases-maladies/csscc-eng.html Global Invasive Species Database (2015). http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=septifer+virgatus&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN&x=14&y=8. Access Date: 26-Oct-2015. Global Invasive Species Database (2016). http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=tss&st=tss&fr=1&x=0&y=0&li=6&tn=entodesma&lang=EN Access Date: 7-Feb-16 Harper EM, Checa AG, Rodríguez‐Navarro AB (2009) Organization and mode of secretion of the granular prismatic microstructure of Entodesma navicula (Bivalvia: Mollusca). Acta Zoologica. 90(2):132-41. http://www.ugr.es/~grupo179/pdf/harper2009.pdf Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp. Koike K & Shinohara A (1984) The spermatozoa of snails living in an intertidal rocky shore. 1. Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca; Gastropoda; Prosobranchia). Science Reports of the Faculty of Education, Gunma University 33: 93-103. (in Japanese with English abstract) Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ OBIS b. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 23-09-2016 *Note: for genus level data Okutani T & Tsuchiya K (1998) Checklist of the malacofauna of Akajima Island and adjacent area, Okinawa Prefecture. Midoriishi 9: 15-25. (in Japanese) Rudy Jr P, Rudy LH, Shanks A, Butler B (2016) Entodesma navicula. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates (Second Edition). https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/12747/E_navicula.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Sleurs WJ (1987) The marine microgastropods from the Northern coast of Papua New Guinea (Mollusca: Gastropoda) III. Family Columbellidae (Subfamily Pyreninae), with description of two new species. Indo-Malayan Zoology 4: 33-68. Tröndlé J, Boutet M (2009) Inventory of marine molluscs of French Polynesia. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.568.8052&rep=rep1&type=pdf Won HW (2008) A new record of Mitrella moleculina (Duclos, 1840) (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) in Singapore, with notes on color forms. Nature in Singapore 1: 81–83. Zhongyan Q (ed) (2004) Seashells of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing: 418pp.

Literature:

Limited information; expert opinion based on observational information or circumstantial evidence

Notes:

NA