Hiatella arctica

Overview

Scientific Name: Hiatella arctica

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Adapedonta

Family: Hiatellidae

Genus: Hiatella

Species:

arctica [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Arctic, Temperate Northern Atlantic, Temperate Northern Pacific, Temperate Australasia

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Arctic Arctic ocean; Bering Sea to western USA (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate Northern Pacific [Japan] Japan Sea (southern limit is off Tajima, Hyogo Prefecture), Hokkaido (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED [United States] Kenai National Park, Alaska (Lees 2006) STATUS NOT STATED Temperate Northern Atlantic [Great Britain] Common all around Britain and Ireland. (MarLIN 2015) STATUS NOT STATED Norwegian seas (Higo et al. 1999) *Type locality Temperate Australasia [New Zealand] Bay of Islands, Raumati Beach, and Wellington Harbor, North Island. (Booth 1983) STATUS NOT STATED Uncertain realm Bering Sea to western USA (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

[Japan] 44º40'N, 143º20E and 44º46'N, 144º34'E (Kitamura et al. 2002) [New Zealand] 35º15'S, 174º10'E, 41º16'S, 174º51'E, and 40º56'S, 174º58'E (Booth 1982)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2015)

Non-native Region:

Not applicable

Invasion Propens:

Not applicable

Status Date Non-native:

Not applicable

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Not applicable

Second Vector:

Not applicable

Vector Details:

Not applicable

Spread Rate:

Not applicable

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Not applicable

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

Not applicable

Global Impact:

Not applicable

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Cold water, Cool temperate,

Native Temperature Range:

"VARIABILITY" According to Flyachinskaya & Lesin (2006), it is presumed that the temperature range from 11.0 to 12.5ºC is suitable for the surviving and spawning at Chupa Bay. [Greenland] Temperature at distribution area of H. a. at 15 m is -1.2ºC throughout the year (Rysgaard et al. 1999, cited in Sejr et al. 2002)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Not applicable

Non-native Temperature Range:

Not applicable

Native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline

Native Salinity Range:

According to Flyachinskaya & Lesin (2006), it is presumed that the salinity of 25 psu is suitable for the surviving and spowning.

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Not applicable

Temperature Regime Survival:

Cold water, Cool temperate,

Temperature Range Survival:

"VARIABILITY" According to Flyachinskaya & Lesin (2006), it is presumed that the temperature range from 11.0 to 12.5ºC is suitable for the surviving and spawning at Chupa Bay. [Greenland] Temperature at distribution area ofH. a. at 15 m is -1.2ºC throughout the year (Rysgaard et al. 1999, cited in Sejr et al. 2002)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Cold water, Cool temperate,

Temperature Range Reproduction:

"VARIABILITY" According to Flyachinskaya & Lesin (2006), it is presumed that the temperature range from 11.0 to 12.5ºC is suitable for the surviving and spawning at Chupa Bay. [Greenland] Temperature at distribution area of H. a. at 15 m is -1.2ºC throughout the year (Rysgaard et al. 1999, cited in Sejr et al. 2002)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Polyhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

According to Flyachinskaya & Lesin (2006), it is presumed that the salinity of 25 psu is suitable for the surviving and spowning.

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

According to Flyachinskaya & Lesin (2006), it is presumed that the salinity of 25 psu is suitable for the surviving and spawning.

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal, Bathyal zone

Depth Range:

Intertidal to 1,400 m (Higo et al. 1999) [Japan] 115 m and 139 m off the coast of Monbetsu, Hokkaido (Kitamura et al. 2002) [Greenland] 10 m to 60 m with the heighest abundance at 20 m deep. (Sejr et al. 2002)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Rare, Few, Common

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktonic larva (type unspecified)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

[Russia] Larvae of veliger and pediveliger stages can be collected during June, July, August at the Chupa Bay. Shell length of early stage: D-larvae, 120 μm; early pediveliger, 220 μm; pediveliger, 310 μm; pre-metamorphosis pediveliger, 400 μm; post-metamorphosis pediveliger, 750 μm. (Flyachinskaya & Lesin 2006)

Adult Mobility:

Facultatively mobile (Species with limited mobility, in particular to repositioning themselves in response to environmental disturbances (e.g., sea anemones))

Adult Mobility Details:

NF

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

"VARIABILITY" [United Kingdom] Spawning season is in summer in Plymouth. (Lebour 1938) [New Zealand] Spawning season is throughout the year with having different peak by region during May and February. (Booth 1983)

Longevity:

[Greenland] 126 years (Sejr et al. 2002)

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

[Bivalvia] Among several reproduction cues including wave shock, the change of salinity, lunar age and tidal rhythm, the change of the water temperature is the most important factor. (Orton 1920 and etc., cited in Sumikawa 1994)

Reproduction Time:

"VARIABILITY" [United Kingdom] Spawning season is in summer in Plymouth. (Lebour 1938) [New Zealand] Spawning season is throughout the year with having different peak by region during May and February. (Booth 1983)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

[Hiatella gallicana] 50 μm (Lebour 1938) [Hiatella orientalis] Around 60 μm (Miyazaki 1938)

Egg Duration:

[Hiatella gallicana] Less than 24 hours (Lebour 1938) [Hiatella orientalis] 12-13 hours (Miyazaki 1938)

Early Life Growth Rate:

[Hiatella orientalis] 88 μm in shell length at 3 days veliger. 222 μm in shell length at umbo stage. 557 μm in shell length at spat naturally collected. (Miyazaki 1938)

Adult Growth Rate:

[Greenland] The mean annual growth rate was 0.14/ year (Sejr et al. 2002)

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, Sediment subtidal, Macroalgal beds, Other

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic, Semi-infaunal, Borer

Substrate:

Mud, Sand, Gravel, Biogenic

Exposure:

Exposed, Semi-exposed, Protected

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

[Japan] In crevices or on weed roots, often in abandoned boreholes. (Higo et al. 1999) On the bottom of silty sand and of muddy to very fine sand off the coast of Monbetsu, Hokkaido. (Kitamura et al. 2002) [United Kingdom] H. a. is usually free but occasionally found in bored holes of stones. (Lebour 1938) [Greenland] H. a. prefers coarse-grained or stony substrata. (Sejr et al. 2002) [United Kingdom] H. a. were was collected from holes of calcareous rock near low water mark. (Ali 1970)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeder

Trophic Details:

Microalgae and other planktonic organisms of a similar size, such as detritus, silt and bacteria. (Ali 1970)

Forage Mode:

Non-selective

Forage Details:

Microalgae and other planktonic organisms of a similar size, such as detritus, silt and bacteria. (Ali 1970)

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Ali RM (1970) The influence of suspension density and temperature on the filtration rate of Hiatella arctica. Marine Bioligy 6: 291-302. Booth JD (1983) Studies on twelve common bivalve larvae, with notes on bivalve spawning seasons in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater research 17: 231-265. Feder et al. (1994) Mollusks in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea. Arctic 47: 145-163. Flyachinskaya LP & Lesin PA (2006) Using 3D reconstruction method in the investigations of Bivalvia larval development (by the example of Hiatella arctica L.). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 310: 45-50. Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=septifer+virgatus&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN&x=14&y=8. Access Date: 2-Sept-2015. Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp. Kitamura A et al. (2002) Distribution of mollusc shells in the Sea of Okhotsk, off Hokkaido. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan 53: 483-558. Lebour MV (1938) Notes on the breeding of some lamellibranchs from Plymouth and their larvae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 23: 119-144. Lees DG (2006) Guide to intertidal bivalves in Southwest Alaska National Parks. Ktamai, Natonal Park and preserve Kenai Fiords national Park, Lake Clark National Park and preserve. National Park Service Southwest Alaska Network Inventory and Monitering Program Repoort Number: NPS/AKRSWAN/NRTR-2006/02: 1-57. https://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/swan/assets/docs/reports/inventories/LeesD_2006_SWAN_GuideIntertidalBivalves_630223_small_061027.pdf MarLIN. http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3488. Access Date: 3-Sept-2015. Miyazaki I (1938) On the development of Hiatella orientalis (Yokoyama). Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 7: 183-185. (in Japanese) Sejr MK et al. (2002) Growth and production of Hiatella arctica (Bivalvia) in a high-Arctic fjord (Young Sound, Northeast Greenland). Marine Ecolgy Progress Series 244: 163-169. Sumikawa S (1994) Reproduction. In: Handbook of Malacology Vol. 1. Habe T, Okutani T, Nishiwaki S (eds.), Scientist-sha Inc., Tokyo: 159-176. (in Japanese)

Literature:

Moderate level of information; data from comparable regions or older data (more than 10 years) from the area of interest

Notes:

NA