Chama asperella

Overview

Scientific Name: Chama asperella

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: [Superorder] Imparidentia

Family: Chamidae

Genus: Chama

Species:

asperella [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Western Indo-Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific, Eastern Indo-Pacific, Temperate Australasia

Native Region:

Origin Location:

Western Indo-Pacific Indo-Pacific; Red Sea (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007) STATED Egypt, Northern Red Sea coast (El-Sorogy 2015) STATUS NOT STATED Originates from Red Sea (Manousis et al. 2010) STATED [C. jukesi] Red Sea (Oliver 1992). Throughout the Red Sea (Oliver 1992) STATUS NOT STATED [C. jukesi] Perim, Djibouti, Aden (Oliver 1992) STATUS NOT STATED Eastern Indo-Pacific French Polynesia: Society Islands, Austral Islands (Tröndlé and Boutet 2009) STATUS NOT STATED Central Indo-Pacific [Japan] Rhukyu islands (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED [C. jukesi] Guangdong, Hainan Province (Sanya, Xisha Island) (Zhongyan ed. 2004) STATUS NOT STATED [Philippines] Unspecified (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED [Indonesia] Unspecified (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED Semakau Island, near Singapore (Tan & Yeo 2010) STATUS NOT STATED Torres Straits, Queensland, Australia (Harper 1998) STATUS NOT STATED New Hebrides (Solem 1959) STATUS NOT STATED [C. jukesi] [Australia] New South Wales, Australia (Lamprell & Whitehead 1992) Temperate Australasia [C. jukesi] Queeensland to north Western Australia (Lamprell & Whitehead 1992) Uncertain realm Indo-Pacific (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007) STATED Native to Indo-Pacific (Mienis 2004a, cited in Galil 2007) STATED [Chama jukesi (junior synomym of C. asperella)] China (Higo et al. 1999) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

Geographic coverage: -158.200012207031 -34.1000022888184,159.300003051758 21.5 (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) [Red Sea] Farasan Islands (16º20'-17º20'N, 41º30'-42º30'E), Saudi Arabia (Wronski 2010)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

Yes (Ovalis & Zentos 2007) Alien status in Israel (DAISIE 2016)

Non-native Region:

Mediterranean Sea

Invasion Propens:

Temperate Northern Atlantic Ashkelon, Israel: single record in 2003, transported through vessels; native to Indo-Pacific (Mienis 2004a, cited in Galil 2007) STATUS NOT STATED; single record Greece, Mediterranean Sea: first recorded in Greek waters in 2007 (Flisvos marina, Saronikos Gulf), probably transported through ship fouling; however, natural dispersal from Red Sea through Suez Canal is also possible (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007) *Alien Though C. asperella was collected in 2003 from an off shore gas production platform 27 m west of Asqelon, it was considered as questionable. (Ovalis & Zentos 2007) *Alien Established in North Aegean Sea, Greece; expansion of C. asperella from the Red Sea to the E Mediterranean in 2004 and to S Aegean Sea in 2007 (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007) continues to extend to the N Aegean Sea (Manousis et al. 2010) *Alien and ESTABLISHED Israel, Mediterranean Sea: alien status (DAISIE 2016) *Alien Lebanon: recorded in 1999 and 2003; establishment status is 'casual' (Crocetta et al. 2012) *Alien

Status Date Non-native:

Ashkelon, Israel: single record in 2003 (Mienis 2004a, cited in Galil 2007) Greece, Flisvos marina, Saronikos Gulf: recorded in September 2007 (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007) East Mediterranean in 2004; South Aegean Sea in 2007; North Aegean Sea (Manousis et al. 2010) [Thessalonki Bay, Thermaikos Gulf in Greece] 2008-2008 (Manousis et al. 2010) Lebanon: first recorded October 17 and 22, 1999; also July 17, 2003 in Beirut (Crocetta et al. 2012)

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

Hull fouling (Not specified)

Second Vector:

Natural dispersal, See details

Vector Details:

Hull foulng is the most probable invasion vector of this species because their occurrence in 2007 are in the vicinity of big port such as Mersin, Marmaris, Peiraias and Chalkida in Greece. (Ovalis & Zentos 2007) Natural dispersal via Suez Canal is also feasible as well. (OValis & Zentos 2007) Ashkelon, Israel: single record in 2003, transported through vessels; native to Indo-Pacific (Mienis 2004a, cited in Galil 2007) Lebanon: most probable vector is through alien spreading via Suez Canal; establishment status is 'casual' (Crocetta et al. 2012)

Spread Rate:

[Greece] expansion in the eastern Mediterranean: recorded in Greek waters in 2007; later visits to same area show that populations of C. asperella are steady and expanding (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007)

Date First Observed in Japan:

NF

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

NF

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

NF

Global Impact:

NF

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Tropical, Warm temperate, See details

Native Temperature Range:

21.145 °C (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) [Red Sea] 25ºC-31ºC (Wronski 2010) [Australia] 17ºC-27ºC at the north of New South Wales (Rule et al. 2007) Tropical, Warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate

Non-native Temperature Range:

[Greece] From 1993 to 2001, summer temperature are greater than 25ºC in Thessaloniki Bay, Greece. (Krestenitis et al. 2005) Mild temperate, Warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Native Salinity Regime:

Euhaline

Native Salinity Range:

35.531 PPS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) [Red Sea] Salinity aurround Farasan Islands is up to 35-40 psu. (Wronski 2010)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Euhaline

Temperature Regime Survival:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical, See details

Temperature Range Survival:

21.145 °C (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) [Native area] [Red Sea] 25ºC-31ºC (Wronski 2010) [Australia] 17ºC-27ºC at the north of New South Wales (Rule et al. 2007) [Non-native area] From 1993 to 2001, summer temperature are greater than 25ºC in Thessaloniki Bay, Greece. (Krestenitis et al. 2005) Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical

Temperature Range Reproduction:

At least temperature of >21ºC is needed (Zurel et al. 2010) Mild temperate, Warm temperate, Subtropical, Tropical (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

35.531 PPS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) [Red Sea] Salinity aurround Farasan Islands is up to 35-40 psu. (Wronski 2010) [Non-native area] C. asperella survives at the majority of the values are ranged between 37.0 and 38.0 psu at the south-eastern region of the Gulf of Thessaloniki, Greece. (Krestenitis et al. 2005)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Depth Regime:

Lower intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal, Bathyal

Depth Range:

[Egypt, Northern Red Sea coast ] intertidal (El-Sorogy 2015) 18-107 m (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2016) [Greece] 4-6 m depths (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007) [North Aegean Sea, Greece] 3-11 m (Manousis et al. 2010) [Japan] From intertidal to 20 m (Higo et al. 1999) [Greece] 4-6m deep (Ovalis & Zentos 2007) 2-13m deep (Manousis et al. 2010) as C. jukesi, 90-220 m (Okutani 1972)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

NF

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

None

Development Mode:

Planktonic larva (type unspecified)

Asexual Reproduction:

Does not reproduce asexually

Reproduction Details:

External fertilization; broadcast; planktonic larva; does not reproduce asexually (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Chama pacifica] [Israeli] Dioecious and no hermaphrodites were found. Exhibited at least one reproductive stage. Males was inferred to have begun in May, and the females demonstrated the onset and early gametogenesis stage during the same period. (Zurel et al. 2011)

Adult Mobility:

Sessile

Adult Mobility Details:

Cemented to substrata (Higo et al. 1999) RELATED: [genus Chama] one attached valve, one free valve (Kozloff 1990)

Maturity Size:

NF

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

RELATED: [Chama pacifica] Five months (from May to September) (Zurel et al. 2011)

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

NF

Reproduction Cues:

RELATED: [Chama pacifica] Because spawning is inferred when seawater temperature >21ºC (Zurel et al. 2010), it is presumed that seawater must be one of the cue of the reproduction (Otani pers. comm.).

Reproduction Time:

RELATED: [Chama pacifica] Five months (from May to September) (Zurel et al. 2011)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

NF

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

NF

Adult Growth Rate:

[Greece] individuals collected ranged from 12.5-20 mm in height (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007)

Population Growth Rate:

[Greece] expansion in the eastern Mediterranean: C. asperella populations are steady and expanding (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007)

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Rocky subtidal, Oyster reef, Coral reef

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic

Substrate:

Rock, Cobble, Biogenic

Exposure:

Semi-exposed, Protected

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

[Greece] collected from rocks (Ovalis & Zenetos 2007) [Semakau Island, near Singapore] found in coral rubble areas on reef flat, and fringing coral reefs (Tan & Yeo 2010) [North Aegean Sea, Greece] epibenthic; collected from rocky bottoms; established; expansion of C. asperella from the Red Sea to the E Mediterranean in 2004 and to S Aegean Sea in 2007 presented by Ovalis & Zenetos (2007) continues on to the N Aegean Sea (Manousis et al. 2010) [Japan] Cemented to rocks, corals or shells. (Higo et al. 1999) [Red Sea] Pearl oyster bed (Wronski 2010) [Greece] Rocks (Ovalis & Zentos 2007) or rocky bottom (Manousis et al. 2010) Semi-exposed, Protected (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Trophic Level:

Suspension feeder

Trophic Details:

[North Aegean Sea, Greece] suspension feeder (Manousis et al. 2010)

Forage Mode:

Non-selective

Forage Details:

Non-selective (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Crocetta F, Bitar G, Zibrowius H, Oliverio M (2013) Biogeographical homogeneity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. II. Temporal variation in Lebanese bivalve biota. Aquatic Biology. 19(1):75. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fabio_Crocetta/publication/249644487_Biogeographical_homogeneity_in_the_eastern_Mediterranean_Sea_II_Temporal_variation_in_Lebanese_bivalve_biota/links/00b4952a1ca817e04e000000.pdf DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe). Chama asperella. http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=100187# Access Date: 8-Mar-2016 El-Sorogy AS (2015) Taphonomic Processes of Some Intertidal Gastropod and Bivalve Shells from Northern Red Sea Coast, Egypt. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 47(5):1287-96. Galil B (2007) Seeing red: alien species along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Aquatic Invasions. 2(4):281-312. http://pescalibano.cnrs.edu.lb/media/pub/234.pdf Harper EM (1998) Calcite in chamid bivalves. Journal of molluscan studies. 64(3):391-9. http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/64/3/391.full.pdf Higo S, Callomon P, Goto Y (1999) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplachophora, Scaphopoda. Shell Scientific Publications, Osaka: 748pp. Kozloff EN (1990) Invertebrates. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College Publishing Krestenitis YN et al. (2005) Evolution of the physical parameters of the Gulf of Thessaloniki. Proceedings of the 9th international Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Rhodes Island, Greece: A-836-A841. Manousis T, Mpardakis G, Paraskevopoulos C, Galinou-Mitsoudi S (2010) The Bivalvia Mollusca of Thessaloniki and Thermaikos Gulfs (North Aegean Sea, Greece) with emphasis on new species for Hellenic waters. Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki. 14:161-179. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Chama asperella. http://iobis.org/mapper/.  Access Date: 8-Mar-16 Okutani T (1972) Molluscan fauna on the submarine banks Zenisu, Hyotanse and Takase, near the Isu-Shichito Islands. Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 72: 63-144. Oliver PG (1992) Bivalved seashells of the Red Sea. National Museum of Wales, Wales, U. K.: 330pp. Ovalis P, Zenetos A (2007) On the establishment of two more alien mollusca (Chama aspersa Reeve, 1846 and Chama asperella Lamarck, 1819) in the eastern Mediterranean. Mediterranean marine science. 8(2):97-100. Rule M et al. (2007) The marine environment of northern New South Wales. A review of current knowledge and existing datasets. National Marine Science Center: 1-335. Solem A (1959) Marine mollusca of the New Hebrides. Pacific Science. 13: 253-268 Tan SK, Yeo RK (2010) The intertidal molluscs of Pulau Semakau: preliminary results of ‘Project Semakau’. Nature in Singapore. 3:287-96. http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/data/nature_in_singapore/online_journal/2010/2010nis287-296.pdf Tröndlé J, Boutet M (2009) Inventory of marine molluscs of French Polynesia. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Atoll Research Bulletin. 570. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.568.8052&rep=rep1&type=pdf Wronski T (2010) The molluscan bio-fouling community on the Red Sea pearl oyster beds. Zoology in the Middle East 51: 67-73. Zhongyan Q (ed) (2004) Seashells of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing: 418pp. Zurel D et al. (2011) Parity and disparity between two Chama oysters: the reproductive biology of the Indo-Pacific C. pacifica Broderip, invasive to the Mediterranean Sea; and C. savignyi Lamy, indigenous to the Red Sea. Marine Ecology 1-11.

Literature:

Moderate level of information; data from comparable regions or older data (more than 10 years) from the area of interest

Notes:

NA