Amblyosyllis speciosa

Overview

Scientific Name: Amblyosyllis speciosa

Phylum: Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

Order: Phyllodocida

Family: Syllidae

Genus: Amblyosyllis

Species:

speciosa [Describe here as A. iricolor]

Native Distribution

Origin Realm:

Temperate Northern Pacific, Tropical Eastern Pacific

Native Region:

Origin Location:

CONFICT: NEP Temperate Northern Pacific Japan (Lee II & Reusser 2012) STATED Northwest Pacific (Cohen et al. 2002) STATED [Japan] Hokkaido and central Honshu (Izuka & Imajima 1965) STATED San Diego Bay, California, USA (Sorensen et al. 2013) STATUS NOT STATED. NOTE: also listed as non-native in the Northeast Pacific Friday Harbor Laboratories, Washington, USA (Pernet 1998) STATUS NOT STATED. NOTE: also listed as non-native in the Northeast Pacific Japan, Pacific side (Izuka 1912) STATUS NOT STATED Northern to southern Japan; California (Dorsey 1978) STATUS NOT STATED Pacific (Japan, west coast of north America) (Capa et al. 2001) STATUS NOT STATED. NOTE: also listed as non-native in the Northeast Pacific [Japan] Ubara, Katsuura, Boso Peninsula, Japan (Aguado et al. 2008) STATUS NOT STATED Northern to southern Japan (Imajima 1966) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Off Shirikishinai, Hokkaido (Imajima & Hartman 1964) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Around Sarufutsu, Hokkaido (Imajima 1992) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Asamushi, Aomori Prefecture (Imajima 1966) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Onagawa, Miyagi Prefecture (Imajima 1966) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture (Izuka 1912) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Shiroiso, Sagami Bay, Kanagawa Prefecture (Nishi 2003) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Tsukumo Bay (Imajima 1967), and Ogi (Imajima 1966), Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture. STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Sugashima, Kii Peninsula, Mie Prefecture (Imajima 1966) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Seto, Kii Peninsula, Wakayama Prefectuer (Uchida 1975) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Tamano (Imajima 1966) STATUS NOT STATED [Japan] Usa, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku Island (Imajima 1966) STATUS NOT STATED [China] Qingdao and Yellow Sea (Ruiping & Dejian 2004) STATUS NOT STATED Tropical Eastern Pacific Panama) (Capa et al. 2001) STATUS NOT STATED

Geographic Range:

-66.6000061035156 18.3999996185303,-66.5 18.5 (OBIS 2016) Japan (multiple authors) to Panama (Capa et al. 2001) [Japan] 45º 21.1'N, 142º 15.9'E (Imajima 1992) 33ºN - 42º N both Pacific and Japan Sea sides (Inaba 1982)

General Diversity:

NF

Non-native Distribution

Invasion History:

CONFICT No records of invasion (Global Invasive Species Database 2015) Non-indigenous in California (Lee II & Reusser 2012)

Non-native Region:

Northeast Pacific

Invasion Propens:

CONFLICT: NEP Temperate Northern Pacific San Clement Island, California, and Puget Sound, Washington, USA (Lee II & Reusser 2012) *Non-indigenous San Diego and Los Angeles, California (Cohen et al. 2002) *Exotic

Status Date Non-native:

San Diego and Los Angeles, California: 2000 (Cohen et al. 2002)

Vectors and Spread

Initial Vector:

NF

Second Vector:

NF

Vector Details:

NF

Spread Rate:

NF

Date First Observed in Japan:

Not applicable

Date First Observed on West coast North America:

Found earlier than 1978 at San Clemente Island, California (Lee II & Reusser 2012)

Impacts

Impact in Japan:

NF

Global Impact:

NF

Tolerences

Native Temperature Regime:

Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, See details

Native Temperature Range:

Maintained in flowing seawater at 8 - 10 ºC (Pernet 1998) [River mouth and at the coast of Yokohama City, Japan] Surface temperature is 20.0ºC in June and 19.5 ºC in October. (Yokohama Institute of Environmental Science 2010) Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Non-native Temperature Regime:

See details

Non-native Temperature Range:

Sampled at 20.5 and 21 ºC (Cohen et al. 2002)

Native Salinity Regime:

Euhaline, Hypersaline, See details

Native Salinity Range:

[San Diego Bay] Seasonally hypersaline; estuarine (Sorensen et al. 2013) [River mouth and at the coast of Yokohama City, Japan] Surface salinity is 31.6 psu in June and 31.1 psu in October. (Yokohama Institute of Environmental Science 2010)

Non-native Salinity Regime:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Temperature Regime Survival:

Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, See details

Temperature Range Survival:

Maintained in flowing seawater at 8 - 10 ºC (Pernet 1998) Sampled at 20.5 and 21 ºC (Cohen et al. 2002) Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Temperature Regime Reproduction:

Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate, See details

Temperature Range Reproduction:

[Friday Harbor, Washington, USA] Egg masses collected December - June (only time sought after) (Pernet 1998) [Friday Harbor, Washington, USA] Average sea water temperatures range from a low of 7.0ºC in February to 8.5ºC in June (SeaTemperature.org 2016) Cool temperate, Mild temperate, Warm temperate (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salinity Regime Survival:

Euhaline

Salinity Range Survival:

Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Salintiy Regime Reproduction:

Polyhaline, Euhaline

Salinity Range Reproduction:

Euhaline (M. Otani, pers. comm.)

Depth Regime:

Lower Intertidal, Shallow subtidal, Deep subtidal

Depth Range:

Sampled from 31 m (OBIS 2016) 0 - 60 m observed; prefers 0 - 2.5 m (Lee II & Reusser 2012) 1 - 4 m depth (Dorsey 1978) Intertidal; littoral to 140 m (Imajima 1966) Lower intertidal to 100 - 200 m (Inaba 1988)

Non-native Salinity Range:

Native Abundance:

Common

Reproduction

Fertilization Mode:

external

Reproduction Mode:

Gonochoristic/ dioecious

Spawning Type:

NF

Development Mode:

Benthic larva

Asexual Reproduction:

See details

Reproduction Details:

Gonochoristic/dioecious; lays eggs; benthic larvae (Lee II & Reusser 2012) Benthic egg masses; separate sexes; likely external fertilization (Pernet 1998) RELATED: [Subfamily Eusyllinae] Usually epigamy. Entire body becomes epitokous stage. Most epigamous syllids can survive spawning, resume a benthic life style, revert (at least in part) to the atokous state, and breed again (Franke 1999) [Family Syllidae] Many species in the family reproduce asexually by transverse fission or by budding (Kozloff 1990)

Adult Mobility:

Sessile

Adult Mobility Details:

Non-motile (Lee II & Reusser 2012) RELATED: [Ambylosyllis lineata alba] Free-living; may live on surface or actively burrow. Movement is required for feeding (Macdonald et al. 2010) [Amblyosyllis sp.] Associated with siliceous sponge at central California and western Canada. (Hartman 1968)

Maturity Size:

Body size about 10 mm in length excluding tentacles and anal cirri; about 16 segments (Izuka 1912)

Maturity Age:

NF

Reproduction Lifespan:

[Washington, USA] Egg masses collected December - June (only time sought after); second egg mass ready to be deposited three to four weeks after depositing prior one; females deposited an egg mass every five to six weeks ove rthe course of five months in the laboratory, which were then fertilized by the males (Pernet 1998)

Longevity:

NF

Broods per Year:

[Washington, USA] Two specimens deposited a total of five egg masses in one year (Pernet 1998)

Reproduction Cues:

NF

Reproduction Time:

[Washington, USA] Egg masses collected December - June (only time sought after); second egg mass ready to be deposited three to four weeks after depositing prior one; females deposited an egg mass every five to six weeks ove rthe course of five months in the laboratory, which were then fertilized by the males (Pernet 1998)

Fecundity:

NF

Egg Size:

Coelomic oocytes were ~100 µm in diameter. Deposited egg masses were ~0.5 cm square (Pernet 1998)

Egg Duration:

NF

Early Life Growth Rate:

Larvae develop within benthic egg masses for three weeks after fertilization; then crawl/swim away and metamorphose. Two day old embryos were ~108 µm in diameter (with an extra-embryonnic membrane that increased the diameter to ~108 µm); 10 days after deposition larvae were ~135 µm long; two to three week old larvae were ~300 µm in length with four segments; four weeks after fertilization worm was ~475 µm in length with five segments (Pernet 1998)

Adult Growth Rate:

NF

Population Growth Rate:

NF

Population Variablity:

NF

Habitat

Ecosystem:

Rocky intertidal, Rocky subtidal, Coral reef, Oyster reef, Coralline algae, SAV, Macroalgal beds, Fouling, See details

Habitat Type:

Epibenthic, Epizoic, Epiphytic

Substrate:

Rock, Biogenic, Sand, Mixed sediments, Artificial substrate

Exposure:

Protected, Semi-exposed See details

Habitat Expansion:

NF

Habitat Details:

Found in estuaries, coastal bays (semi-enclosed), nearshore and shelf habitats; rocky intertidal, rocky subtidal, coral reef, oyster beds; rock, coral, oyster substrate; epibenthic; epizoitic (Lee II & Reusser 2012) Found on bivalve shell that was invested with the boring sponge Cliona sp. (Pernet 1998) Tide pool (Izuka 1912) Shallow, rocky areas; coralline algal mats (mainly Lithotrix aspergillum) in which sand and shell debris had accumulated (Dorsey 1978) Intertidal rocky shore, seagrass, algae (Aguado et al. 2008) Floating piers and associated structures (Cohen et al. 2002) Found at the holdfasts of algae (Nishi 2003) Semi-exposed (M. Otani, pers. comm.) RELATED: [Amblyosyllis sp.] Rocky habitat, open coast, associated with silceous sponges (Carlton 2007)

Trophic Level:

Predator

Trophic Details:

Predator (Lee II & Reusser 2012) Feeds on sponge (Pernet 1998) RELATED: [Ambylosyllis lineata alba] Surface-feeding omnivore; eats particulate organic matter, benthic microorganisms (e.g. diatoms and other single-celled organisms); detritus feeder (Macdonald et al. 2010) [Family Syllidae] Feed on various small invertebrates (Kozloff 1990)

Forage Mode:

NF

Forage Details:

NF

Natural Control:

NF

Associated Species:

NF

References and Notes

References:

Aguado MT, San Martin G, Nishi E (2008) Contribution to the knowledge of Syllidae (Annelida, Phyllodocida) from Japan with descriptions of three new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 6(4): 521-550. www-tandfonline-com/doi/abs/10.1017/S1477200008002831 Capa M, San Martin G, Lopez E (2001) Autolytinae, Eusyllinae y Exogoninae (Syllidae: Polychaeta) del Parque Nacional de Coiba, Panama. Revista de Biología Tropical. 49(2): 621-628. go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&u=ubcolumbia&id=GALE|A109180281&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&userGroup=ubcolumbia&authCount=1 Carlton JT (2007) The Light and Smith manual: intertidal invertebrates from central California to Oregon. London, England: University of California Press, Ltd Cohen AN et al. (2002) Project Report for the Southern California Exotics Expedition 2000: A Rapid Assessment Survey of Exotic Species in Sheltered Coastal Waters. bioinvasions.org/wp-content/uploads/2002-2000-So-Calif-survey.pdf Dorsey JH (1978) A new species of Syllides (Polychaeta: Syllidae) with notes on Amblyosyllis speciosa Izuka from San Clemente Island, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Scineces 77(1): 22-27. biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34212265#page/737/mode/thumb Franke HD (1999) Reproduction of the Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Hydrobiologia 402: 39-55. link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1003732307286 Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&x=30&y=12&sn=Amblyosyllis+speciosa&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN Access date: 01-10-2015 Hartman O (1968) Atlas of the errantiate polychaetous annelids from California. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California: 1-828. Imajima M (1966) THE SYLLIDAE (POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS) FROM JAPAN (III) -EUSYLLINAE. Publications of teh Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 14(2): 85-116. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175434 Imajima M (1967) Errant polychaetes from Tsukumo Bay of the Noto Peninsula and its vicinity (Preliminary). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 3: 6-10. (in Japanese) Imajima M (1992) Polychaetous annelids around Sarufutsu, northern Hokkaido. Bulletin of the National Science Museum 25: 125-133. (in Japanese) Imajima M & Hartman O (1964) The polychaetous annelids of Japan. Part I. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional paper 26: 1-237. Imajima M & Izuka A (1965) Kasane sirisu (Amblyosyllis speciosa). in New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan [ I ], Okada Y (ed.). Hokuryukan Co. Ltd.: 503. (in Japanese) Inaba A (1988) Fauna and Flora of the Seto Inland Sea. Second edition II. Mukaishima Marine Biological Station, Hiroshima University: 1-475. (in Japanese) Izuka A (1912) The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan. Imperial University of Tokyo 30: 1-262. http://hdl.handle.net/2261/32884 Kozloff EN (1990) Invertebrates. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College Publishing Lee II H and Reusser DA (2012) Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific. Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R/12/631. Macdonald TA, Burd BJ, Macdonald VI, van Roodselaar A (2010) Taxonomic and Feeding Guild Classification for the Marine Benthic Macroinvertebrates of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2874. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/340580.pdf Nishi E (2003) Polychaetous annelids around Manazuru Peninsula, Sagami Bay. Actinia 15: 7-13. (in Japanese with English abstract) http://kamome.lib.ynu.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10131/1612/1/KJ00004479650.pdf OBIS. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://iobis.org/mapper/ Access date: 07-01-2016 Pernet B (1998) Benthic Egg Masses and Larval Development of Amblyosyllis Speciosa (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78(4): 1369-1372. journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4381028&fileId=S0025315400044568 Ruiping S & Deijian Y (2004) Annelida, Polychaeta II. Nereidida (= Nereimorpha). Fauna Sinica Invertebrate 33: 1-520. (in Chinese) SeaTemperature.org. Friday Harbor. http://www.seatemperature.org/north-america/united-states/friday-harbor-september.htm Access date: 01-09-2016 Sorensen K, Swope B, Kirtay V (2013) Marine Ecological Index Survey of San Diego Bay. Accession No. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTAL WATER RESEARCH PROJECT WESTMINSTER Report 2038. oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA603815 Uchida H (1975) Polychaetous annelids from Kishu I. Nanki Seibutsu 17: 42-45. (in Japanese) Yokohama Institute of Environmental Science (2010) Organisms in the river and the sea of Yokohama. No. 12 Coastal Part. Yokohama City: 1- 188. (in Japanese)

Literature:

Limited information; expert opinion based on observational information or circumstantial evidence

Notes:

NA