Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1915
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1915
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

General Invasion History:

Monocorophium insidiosum was described from Plymouth, England in 1937 (Crawford 1937), and subsequently found to range from Norway and Ireland to the Mediterranean and Black Seas (Lincoln 1979; Bellan-Santini 1982; Vader et al.1984; Oliver et al. 2006; Sezgin and Aydemir Çil 2010). However, its distributional history is complicated by its taxonomic confusion with the very similar Crassicorophium bonelli and M. acherusicum (Crawford 1937). After it was described, M. insidiosum was recognized by Shoemaker (1947) as occurring on the East Coast of the US, from Massachusetts Bay to Long Island Sound. By the 1970s, it was known from Chaleur Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence to North Carolina (Bousfield 1973; Fox and Bynum 1975). There are later records from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico (Nelson 1995; Lecroy 2004; Winfield et al. 2011). Monocorophium insidiosum is thought to be native to the North Atlantic, but it is unclear on which side of the ocean it originated (Carlton 1979; Bousfield 1973; Bousfield and Hoover 1997). Chapman (2000) suggested that it is native to the Northwest Atlantic, but the late recognition of the species and its similarity to M. acherusicum and other corophiids make the invasion history in the North Atlantic difficult to resolve.

Monocorophiumn insidiosum is known from docks, marinas, and oysters (Crawford 1937; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1952), and has been widely transported around the world. Specimens were collected on the Pacific coast of North America as early as 1915 in Washington State (Cohen and Carlton 1995), and it now ranges from British Columbia to California (Bousfield and Hoover 1997). It has been collected from Argentina (Crawford 1937), Chile (Shoemaker 1947), Hawaii (Carlton and Eldredge 2009), Japan (Bousfield and Hoover 1997), China (Hirayama 1986), and Australia (Poore and Storey 1999).

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

The first known collection of Monocorophium insidiosum was from the West Coast in 1915, from a specimen found in the stomach of a duck in Oyster Bay, Puget Sound, Washington (Shoemaker 1947; Carlton 1979). This amphipod was later found in Lake Merritt, Oakland, California (CA) in 1931 (Rodholm 1932, as C. bonelli, cited by Carlton 1979), and in Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors in 1950 by Barnard (1958). Currently, the known range is from Mission Bay, CA (1st record 2011, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014) to Howe Sound, Straits of Georgia, British Columbia (Levings 1975, cited by Carlton 1979). In San Francisco Bay, it is known from the central, south, and San Pablo Bays, and inland as far as the Carquinez Strait (Cohen and Carlton 1995). This amphipod is present in many West Coast Bays, including Morro Bay, CA (Fairey et al. 2001); Monterey Bay/Elkhorn Slough, CA (Haderlie 1968, cited by Carlton 1979; Fairey et al. 2002); Tomales Bay, CA (1st record 1962, Johnson and Juskievice 1965, cited by Carlton 1979); Humboldt Bay, CA (1st record 2000, Boyd et al. 2002); Coos Bay, Oregon (1st record 1987, Carlton 1989; Wonham and Carlton 2005); and Willapa Bay, Washington (1st record 2000, Cohen et al. 2001).

Invasion History in Hawaii:

Monocorophium insidiosum was first collected from Hilo, on the island of Hawaii in 1959 and from Pearl Harbor, Oahu in 1978 (Coles et al. 1999b). This amphipod has also been collected from the northeast coast of Oahu, at Kaelepulu Stream, Kalua, and in Kaneohe Bay (Carlton and Eldredge 2009).

Invasion History Elsewhere in the World:

Monocorophium insidiosum is only slightly less widespread than M. acherusicum. It has not been reported from New Zealand or from tropical ports. It has been introduced to the Northwest Pacific, where it ranges from Hong Kong to the Yellow Sea, and the southern coast of Japan (Nagata 1960; Hirayama 1986; Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Huang 2001). The earliest reported collections were near Fukuyama, Japan, on the Seto Inland Sea, but earlier occurrences may have been overlooked due to confusion with M. acherusicum and native corophiids (1955-1965, Nagata 1960). In Australian waters, it was collected in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria in 1973 and subsequently found at Port Kembla, Sydney, New South Wales; Port McDonnell Pier, South Australia; Eggs-and-Bacon Bay, Tasmania; and the Swan River estuary, Tasmania (Poore and Storey 1999). In South America, it has been introduced to both the Atlantic, in Argentina (1st record 1968, Lopez Gappa 2006; Schwindt et al. 2014), and Pacific coasts, at several locations in Chile (Shoemaker 1947; Gonzalez 1991). In Argentina, M. insidiosum ranges from Bahía Samborombón (36°S) to Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego (54.8°S) (Alonso de Pina 1997; Schwindt et al. 2014). The range in Chile is from Concepcion (36.8°S) to Puerto Montt (41.5°S) (Gonzalez 1991).


Description

Monocorophium insidiosum has a slender, depressed body with small, separated coxal plates, fused urosome segments and lacking a dorso-lateral ridge. In males, the rostrum is long, stretching ahead of the optical lobes, which are also extended forward. Antenna 2 is much heavier, but not much longer than Antenna 1. In females, the rostrum is short, not exceeding the anterior lobes, and Antenna 2 is only slightly longer and somewhat more robust than Antenna 1. In males, segments 1 and 2, of the peduncle of Antenna 1, are long and roughly equal. Segment 1 has a conical tubercle on the inner distal margin. In the female, segment 1 has 3-4 stout proximal-median spines. In males and females, segment 4 of Antenna 2 differs greatly. In males, segment 4 is greatly inflated and has a large distal tooth on the posterior side and 1-2 smaller teeth, while the female segment 4 has 3-4 stout medial spines. The female segment 5 has a large posterior-medial spine which is lacking in the male. 

The gnathopods are not especially large or conspicuous in this genus. Segment 5 of Gnathopod 1 is longer than segment 6, and the dactyl (segment 7) is slightly longer than the palm of segment 6. On Gnathopod 2, segment 5 is longer than segment 2 and the dactyl bears 3-4 prominent teeth. Pereiopods 3 and 4 have segment 2, with short setae only, and have long, backward-curving dactyls. As noted above, the urosome segments are fused, without lateral ridges. The peduncle of Uropod 1 has 2 stout spines on the inner margin. The outer ramus of Uropod 2 is about equal to the inner one. Uropod 3 is uniramous, with the ramus shorter than the peduncle. The distal margin of Uropod 2 has 1 or 2 marginal spines. Adults are 3.5-5.5 mm long. Centers of the pleonites and the segments on Antenna 2 are dark brown, mottled with white. The borders of the pleonites and most of the appendages are white. This species is marked by brown pigment between the eyes, extending onto the rostrum and extending to the back of the head. Description based on Crawford 1937, Bousfield 1973, Lincoln 1979, Bousfield and Hoover 1997, and Chapman 2007. 

Monocorophium 'oaklandense' appears to be a tripoid intersex form of M. insidiosum. It has been seen in monospecific cultures of M. insidiosum. It is marked morphologically by pairs or triads of stout spines on segment 4 of Antenna 2. It is known only from San Francisco Bay, California and laboratory cultures (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007).


Taxonomy

Taxonomic Tree

Kingdom:   Animalia
Phylum:   Arthropoda
Subphylum:   Crustacea
Class:   Malacostraca
Subclass:   Eumalacostraca
Superorder:   Peracarida
Order:   Amphipoda
Suborder:   Gammaridea
Family:   Corophiidae
Genus:   Monocorophium
Species:   insidiosum

Synonyms

Corophium cylindricum (Verrill and Smith, 1873)
Monocorophium insidiosum (Bousfield and Hoover, 1997)
Podocerus cylindricus (Say, 1818)

Potentially Misidentified Species

Crassicorophium bonelli
A species of uncertain taxonomic status, not reported from the Northeast Pacific, possibly a parthenogenetic form of M. acherusicum or M. insidiosum, reported from high latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including the Northeast Pacific (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007).

Monocorophium carlottensis
Northeast Pacific native, Puget Sound to Prince William Sound (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium acherusicum
Native to North Atlantic, introduced to Pacific (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium californianum
Northeast Pacific native, Puget Sound to Prince William Sound (Bousfield and Hoover 1997; Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium oaklandense
Possibly an intersex form of M. insidiosum (Chapman 2007)

Monocorophium uenoi
Native to Northwest Pacific, introduced from Humboldt Bay to Bahia San Quintin, Mexico (Carlton 1979; Chapman 2007).

Ecology

General:

Monocorophium inidiosum is a sedentary tube dwelling amphipod, which inhabit soft and hard substrates, as epifauna and infauna. Gammarid amphipods have separate sexes, brooded embryos, and direct development (Bousfield 1973). Juveniles are 0.76 mm at birth. Males and females mature at ~1.5 mm. Females tend to be slightly larger than males, reaching 6 mm, versus 4.5 mm for males (Birklund 1977; Delgado et al. 2009). In cold-temperate climates, breeding is seasonal, e.g. April-August in New England (Bousfield 1973), but is year-round in Mediterranean Spain (Delgado et al. 2009). Females had 1-8 embryos per individual in a Greek lagoon (Karakiri and Nicolaidou 1987), but 1-36 (mean 10.2) in the Ebro Delta, Spain (Delgado et al. 2009). Females in culture had 3-7 broods per lifetime. Maximum lifespan for both sexes decreased with increasing temperature, from 223 days at 10C to 110 days at 20C (Nair and Anger 1979).

Monocorophium insidiosum ranges from cold-temperate to subtropical climates, and tolerates ice-covered winter conditions and temperatures as high as 30C (Delgado et al. 2005). In a Greek lagoon, it was found at salinities as low as 1.6 PSU (Kevrekidis 2004), but also occurs at marine salinities (Bousfield 1973; Prato and Biandoloino 2006). In the San Francisco estuary, it occurs at least as far upstream as Suisun Bay and the lower Sacramento River (Cohen and Carlton 1995; Graening et al. 2012). Corophiid amphipods secrete threads of 'amphipod silk', to which the detritus is attached, to form its tubes. When the amphipods are abundant, the tubes form a mass in which the openings point outward or upward (Barnard 1958). The tubes can be formed on the sediment surface, or attached to fouling on vertical surfaces such as rocks or pilings, or other fouling organisms (Barnard 1958). In culture, M. insidiosum juveniles started building tubes within 20 hours after release (Fricke et al. 2015). This amphipod is a sedentary tube dweller much of the time, but does swim and occurs in the zooplankton, especially at night, or following disturbance by storms and river runoff (Grabe 1996). 'Unlike other tubicolous animals, the amphipods are not obligatorily sessile, but move in and out of their tubes in search of food and to mate. Migration rates are high among the tubicolous amphipods, as evidence by their early appearance on fresh blocks (experimental substrates)' (Barnard 1958). Reported substrates for M. insidiosum settlement include: rocks, pilings, buoys, jetties, oyster bars, seaweeds, sea-grasses, hydroids, sandy mud flats, and sandy beaches (Crawford 1937; Barnard 1958; Watling and Maurer 1972; Bousfield 1973; Sheader 1978; Fricke et al. 2015).

Moncorophium insidiosum sit at the mouths of their tubes, waving their antennae, capturing phytoplankton and organic detritus (Barnard 1958). Nair and Anger (1979) maintained this amphipod in culture on dry, powdered algae (Ulva), rotifers, and a dinoflagellate (Scrippsiella faroensis). Like other corophiid amphipods, it is probably capable of feeding on detritus and benthic microalgae on the sediment surface, and grazing on filamentous epiphytic algae growing on seaweeds and seagrasses (Bousfield 1973). Fishes and shrimps are likely predators (Nair and Anger 1979).

Food:

Phytoplankton, Detritus

Trophic Status:

Deposit Suspension Feeder

DepSusFed

Habitats

General HabitatGrass BedNone
General HabitatCoarse Woody DebrisNone
General HabitatUnstructured BottomNone
General HabitatOyster ReefNone
General HabitatMarinas & DocksNone
General HabitatRockyNone
Salinity RangeMesohaline5-18 PSU
Salinity RangePolyhaline18-30 PSU
Salinity RangeEuhaline30-40 PSU
Tidal RangeSubtidalNone
Tidal RangeLow IntertidalNone
Vertical HabitatEndobenthicNone
Vertical HabitatEpibenthicNone


Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Temperature (ºC)0Present in ice-covered estuaries (Bousfield 1973)
Maximum Temperature (ºC)30Maximum at field site, Spain (Delgado et al. 2009).
Minimum Salinity (‰)1.6Field Record: Monolimni Lagoon, Aegean Sea (Kevrekedis 2004)
Maximum Salinity (‰)37Greece (Karakiri and Nikolaidou 1987)
Minimum Reproductive Temperature10In culture, animals from Helgoland, Germany (Nair and Anger 1979).
Minimum Length (mm)1.7Adult males (Nair and Anger 1979; Sheader 1978, Europe)
Maximum Length (mm)6Adult female, 5.6 maximum for males, Ebro Delta, Spain (Delgado et al. 2005)
Broad Temperature RangeNoneCold temperate-Subtropical
Broad Salinity RangeNoneOligohaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

Monocorophium insidiosum is a widespread fouling organism on docks and floats (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1952; Barnard 1958). It reaches high abundances in many estuaries and is an important food source for fishes and shrimps (Nair and Anger 1979). This amphipod is an opportunistic suspension-feeder, and is probably an important grazer on phytoplankton and benthic microalgae.

Shipping- Barnard (1958) suggested that high densities of mat-forming fouling organisms such as corophiids (M. acherusicum; M. insidiosum) and Polydora spp. might deter the settlement of marine borers on wooden pilings in Los Angeles-Long-Beach Harbors.

Habitat Change- Barnard (1958) suggested that high densities of mat-forming fouling organisms such as corophiids (M. acherusicum; M. insidiosum) and Polydora spp. might deter the settlement of marine borers on wooden pilings in Los Angeles-Long-Beach Harbors. However, M. insidiosum's abundance was about 10% of M. acherusicum's (Barnard 1958). Talman et al. (1999), suggested that the very high densities of corophiids (including M. insidiosum, Poore and Storey 1999) observed in Port Phillip Bay could decrease the stability of sediment, resulting in increased erosion.

Regional Impacts

NEP-VIPt. Conception to Southern Baja CaliforniaEconomic ImpactShipping/Boating
Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms. However, M. insidiosum's abundance was about 10% of M. acherusicum's (Barnard 1958).
NEP-VIPt. Conception to Southern Baja CaliforniaEcological ImpactHabitat Change
Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms. However, M. insidiosum's abundance was about 10% of M. acherusicum's (Barnard 1958).
P050San Pedro BayEconomic ImpactShipping/Boating
Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms. However, M. insidiosum's abundance was about 10% of M. acherusicum's (Barnard 1958).
P050San Pedro BayEconomic ImpactShipping/Boating
Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms. However, M. insidiosum's abundance was about 10% of M. acherusicum's (Barnard 1958).
CACaliforniaEconomic ImpactShipping/Boating
Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms. However, M. insidiosum's abundance was about 10% of M. acherusicum's (Barnard 1958)., Fouling pilings, covering them with masses of tubes covered with sediment, but perhaps a benefit by discourage boring organisms. However, M. insidiosum's abundance was about 10% of M. acherusicum's (Barnard 1958).

Regional Distribution Map

Bioregion Region Name Year Invasion Status Population Status
P030 Mission Bay 2011 Non-native Established
P112 _CDA_P112 (Bodega Bay) 2011 Non-native Established
P062 _CDA_P062 (Calleguas) 2001 Non-native Established
P070 Morro Bay 2001 Non-native Established
P023 _CDA_P023 (San Louis Rey-Escondido) 2000 Non-native Established
P022 _CDA_P022 (San Diego) 2000 Non-native Established
P130 Humboldt Bay 2000 Non-native Established
NEP-IV Puget Sound to Northern California 1987 Non-native Established
P095 _CDA_P095 (Tomales-Drakes Bay) 1969 Non-native Established
P080 Monterey Bay 1968 Non-native Established
P110 Tomales Bay 1961 Non-native Established
P060 Santa Monica Bay 1953 Non-native Established
P040 Newport Bay 1951 Non-native Established
P050 San Pedro Bay 1950 Non-native Established
NEP-VI Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California 1950 Non-native Established
P090 San Francisco Bay 1931 Non-native Established
NEP-V Northern California to Mid Channel Islands 1931 Non-native Established
P093 _CDA_P093 (San Pablo Bay) 1931 Non-native Established

Occurrence Map

OCC_ID Author Year Date Locality Status Latitude Longitude
697028 Carlton and Hodder 1995 1987 1987-09-22 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
697177 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-29 Mare Island Strait - Navy Non-native 38.1015 -122.2695
697182 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-19 Mare Island Strait - Navy Non-native 38.1015 -122.2695
697243 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-27 Pete's Harbor, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5006 -122.2242
697266 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Wood-loading/Barge Dock Non-native 40.7327 -124.2192
697281 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-11 Cal Maritime Academy/Vallejo Non-native 38.0661 -122.2299
697316 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-06 Tomales Bay Boat Launch Non-native 38.1991 -122.9220
697325 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Tomales Bay Boat Launch Non-native 38.1991 -122.9220
697433 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Newport Bay Harbor Entrance Non-native 33.5974 -117.8798
697435 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 The Steelhead/MBARI Bridge Non-native 36.8005 -121.7877
697448 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Mad River Slough - Samoa Blvd. Bridge Non-native 40.8652 -124.1505
697498 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Klopp Lake Non-native 40.8553 -124.0919
697528 Reish and Winter 1954 1952 1952-07-30 North Fork, Los Cerritos Channel, Station 27 (about 1,200 yards E of Pacific Coast Highway) Non-native 33.7671 -118.1047
697540 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-28 San Dieguito Lagoon Non-native 32.9678 -117.2597
697563 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 03 Non-native 36.6043 -121.8918
697628 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-11-16 Alcatraz Non-native 37.8253 -122.4223
697676 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-13 Port Sonoma/Petaluma R. Non-native 38.1157 -122.5026
697716 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-07 Tiburon Non-native 37.8883 -122.4445
697819 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Berkeley Marina Non-native 37.8676 -122.3172
697870 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-04 Ski Islands Marina Non-native 32.7939 -117.2232
697881 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1993 Martinez, Suisun Bay Non-native 38.0287 -122.1333
697882 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1994 Martinez, Suisun Bay Non-native 38.0287 -122.1333
697913 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Port of Oakland Office Non-native 37.7954 -122.2804
698071 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-29 San Mateo Bridge Non-native 37.5806 -122.2543
698248 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Pier 39, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8114 -122.4098
698264 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Hookton Slough Non-native 40.6775 -124.2218
698273 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Pier 39 Non-native 37.8108 -122.4086
698312 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Loch Lomond Marina Area Non-native 37.9720 -122.4832
698313 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Loch Lomond Marina Area Non-native 37.9720 -122.4832
698369 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Richardson Bay Non-native 37.8588 -122.4798
698400 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 02 Non-native 35.3644 -120.8549
698436 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 B-Dock Non-native 36.8027 -121.7851
698437 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 B-Dock Non-native 36.8027 -121.7851
698455 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Front Non-native 37.9101 -122.3644
698562 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 Slip In A Harbor Non-native 38.3295 -123.0565
698579 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Commercial Fishing Dock Non-native 35.3691 -120.8552
698596 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-27 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5907 -122.3180
698649 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Humboldt Chevron Pier Non-native 40.7781 -124.1962
698718 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-07 Private Dock Non-native 34.1798 -119.2297
698721 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-25 Private Dock Non-native 34.1798 -119.2297
698796 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 01 Non-native 36.6032 -121.8920
698803 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-26 Richmond Marina Boat Ramp, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.9139 -122.3542
698816 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Boat Yard Non-native 35.3570 -120.8492
698817 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-05 Morro Bay Boat Yard Non-native 35.3570 -120.8492
698868 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-15 Small Boat Slip Non-native 33.4605 -117.7020
698901 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Giant Fisherman Non-native 40.8070 -124.1666
698915 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.9643 -122.4185
699004 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Woodley Island, West End Non-native 40.8070 -124.1667
699029 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-25 CIYC Guest Slip Non-native 34.1641 -119.2255
699108 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
699109 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
699199 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 02 Non-native 36.6034 -121.8907
699211 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Treasure Island Non-native 37.8149 -122.3702
699217 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Treasure Island Non-native 37.8149 -122.3702
699250 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 Marina Near Chevron Dock Non-native 38.3321 -123.0585
699343 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Saint Francis Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.8066 -122.4463
699381 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-13 Coyote Point Non-native 37.5920 -122.3210
699382 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-06 Coyote Point Non-native 37.5920 -122.3210
699428 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 NE Corner of Bay Non-native 38.3340 -123.0511
699429 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-03 NE Corner of Bay Non-native 38.3340 -123.0511
699447 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 Monterey Private Slip Non-native 36.6034 -121.8905
699527 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-26 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor, San Pablo Bay Non-native 37.9624 -122.4188
699551 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Redwood Creek - Shipping Non-native 37.5120 -122.2109
699762 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Mare Island Strait - Marina Non-native 38.1051 -122.2667
699763 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-19 Mare Island Strait - Marina Non-native 38.1051 -122.2667
699843 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-09 Paradise Area Non-native 37.9062 -122.4768
699870 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Redwood Creek - Marina Non-native 37.5021 -122.2130
699882 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Redwood Creek - Marina Non-native 37.5021 -122.2130
699952 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Dumbarton Bridge Non-native 37.5070 -122.1168
699983 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-14 Port Hueneme Infaunal 25 Non-native 34.1482 -119.2038
699986 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-12 McNears Beach Non-native 37.9962 -122.4556
699992 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-09 McNears Beach Non-native 37.9962 -122.4556
700016 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Cruise Ship Pier Non-native 37.8085 -122.4060
700063 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Southport Landing Non-native 40.6952 -124.2494
700094 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Wooden Structure Debris Non-native 40.7233 -124.2232
700156 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-08 Commercial Fishing Fleet Dock Non-native 34.1482 -119.2020
700185 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 MLML Small Boats Non-native 36.8041 -121.7860
700300 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1994 Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8567 -122.2992
700305 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1993 Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8567 -122.2992
700307 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier Non-native 37.8600 -122.3256
700421 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-28 Snug Harbor Marina Non-native 33.1478 -117.3322
700470 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Coyote Point Marina Non-native 37.5905 -122.3177
700512 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Sea Plane Lagoon Non-native 37.7761 -122.2998
700513 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-08 Sea Plane Lagoon Non-native 37.7761 -122.2998
700581 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 Harbormaster Launch Ramp Non-native 36.6023 -121.8907
700615 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Cerritos Channel, eastern side of Henry Ford Bridge (Station D) Non-native 33.7663 -118.2393
700666 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Hilfiker Road Non-native 40.7720 -124.1960
700700 Barnard 1959b 1954 1954-01-26 Newport Back Bay, Station 44 Non-native 33.6251 -117.8922
700702 Barnard 1959b 1951 1951-08-28 Lower Newport Bay, Station 23B Non-native 33.6124 -117.9280
700757 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Derelict Boat Non-native 35.3589 -120.8524
700799 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Sea Plane Harbor Non-native 37.6349 -122.3848
700865 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-18 Pacheco Creek Oil Pier Non-native 38.0489 -122.0903
700951 Nybakken et al. 1977; J. Nybakken, pers. comm., 1977, in Carlton 1979a 1977 Elkhorn Slough General Location Non-native 36.8086 -121.7856
701060 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 Middle of the Slough Non-native 36.8112 -121.7793
701061 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 Middle of the Slough Non-native 36.8112 -121.7793
701305 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-08-08 Shelter Cove Non-native 40.0211 -124.0695
701313 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-10-10 Ferry Terminal Docks Non-native 33.3442 -118.3225
701322 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Dilapidated Dock Area Non-native 40.7291 -124.2198
701323 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Dilapidated Dock Area Non-native 40.7291 -124.2198
701337 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Back Non-native 37.9207 -122.3684
701338 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Santa Fe Channel - Back Non-native 37.9207 -122.3684
701428 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Hercules Wharf Non-native 38.0231 -122.2928
701429 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-19 Hercules Wharf Non-native 38.0231 -122.2928
701465 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 05 Non-native 35.3644 -120.8549
701801 Light 1969 1967 Bolinas Lagoon Non-native 37.9189 -122.6816
701810 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Ballena Bay Non-native 37.7661 -122.2834
701874 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-15 Ocean Institute Dock Non-native 33.4622 -117.7063
701875 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-05 Ocean Institute Dock Non-native 33.4622 -117.7063
701930 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-24 Coast Guard Island Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.7812 -122.2458
701968 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 04 Non-native 35.3644 -120.8549
702077 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Corinthian Marina Non-native 37.8726 -122.4563
702134 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-06-12 Port of Oakland Plankton 03 Non-native 37.7680 -122.2282
702142 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-24 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6966 -122.1932
702161 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-08 Oakland Outer Harbor Non-native 37.8217 -122.3145
702288 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702291 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-13 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702292 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-19 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702549 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Eureka Boat Launch Non-native 40.8040 -124.1766
702571 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-08 Richmond Marina Non-native 37.9137 -122.3504
702814 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-20 LA/Long Beach Coast Guard Pier Non-native 33.7233 -118.2685
702882 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-22 NW Corner of Harbor Non-native 33.9830 -118.4564
702901 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Bracut Non-native 40.8313 -124.0845
702932 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-06-12 Port of Oakland Plankton 04 Non-native 37.7491 -122.2238
702947 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Golden Hinde Small Marina Non-native 38.1078 -122.8623
702948 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-02 Golden Hinde Small Marina Non-native 38.1078 -122.8623
702961 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Sierra Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6732 -122.3807
703028 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1994 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5906 -122.3169
703029 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1993 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5906 -122.3169
703133 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Port Hueneme Infaunal 13 Non-native 34.1496 -119.2095
703267 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-12 China Camp Non-native 38.0025 -122.4617
703304 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-08 Yerba Buena Non-native 37.8146 -122.3712
703336 Haderlie 1968, 1969 1967 Monterey Municipal Wharf No. 2 Non-native 36.6053 -121.8895
703370 Museum record cited in Carlton 1979a 1949 Playa del Rey Lagoon Non-native 33.9614 -118.4515
703429 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Most Exposed Site/Channel Marker Non-native 40.7426 -124.2269
703442 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Back Bay Marina Non-native 33.6194 -117.8933
703456 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-14 Back Bay Marina Non-native 33.6194 -117.8933
703527 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Balboa Coves Non-native 33.6213 -117.9364
703569 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 05 Non-native 36.6090 -121.8933
703596 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-10 Toll Plaza Non-native 37.8266 -122.3166
703611 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-12 Morro Bay Epifaunal 01 Non-native 35.3644 -120.8549
703651 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Boat Launch Ramp Non-native 35.3577 -120.8510
703658 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-05 Morro Bay Boat Launch Ramp Non-native 35.3577 -120.8510
703675 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 SE Side of Bay Non-native 38.3258 -123.0410
703682 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-03 SE Side of Bay Non-native 38.3258 -123.0410
703707 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-27 Front South Non-native 34.4067 -119.6889
703712 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 North Harbor/Boat Launch Non-native 36.8128 -121.7880
703718 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 North Harbor/Boat Launch Non-native 36.8128 -121.7880
703733 Crawford 1937 1931 1931-09-02 Oakland, San Francisco [sic] Non-native 37.7940 -122.2778
703734 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1993 Lake Merritt, Oakland, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8025 -122.2578
703735 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1994 Lake Merritt, Oakland, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8025 -122.2578
703786 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-10 Hayward Landing Non-native 37.6447 -122.1543
703787 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-13 Hayward Landing Non-native 37.6447 -122.1543
703812 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Fuel Depot Non-native 33.7440 -118.2358
703898 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Rodeo Marina Non-native 38.0394 -122.2717
703974 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Railroad Bridge Non-native 37.4602 -121.9750
704102 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Coast Guard Island Non-native 37.7812 -122.2457
704171 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Chevron Pier Non-native 37.9228 -122.4105
704198 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-08-15 Point Fermin Non-native 33.7063 -118.2873
704219 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Pump-A-Head Dock Non-native 33.7026 -118.0542
704269 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Brisbane Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6862 -122.3906
704310 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Parking Lot With Pallets Stacked Non-native 40.7977 -124.1860
704394 Johnson and Juskevice 1965 1964 Lawson's Flat, Tomales Bay Non-native 38.2327 -122.9732
704398 Johnson and Juskevice 1965 1959 Tomales Bay Non-native 38.2100 -122.9400
704513 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-19 Napa Valley Marina Non-native 38.2198 -122.3119
704578 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 01 Non-native 38.3341 -123.0511
704584 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 Sierra Point Marina Non-native 37.6740 -122.3792
704588 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Sierra Point Marina Non-native 37.6740 -122.3792
704663 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Aquaculture Floats Non-native 40.8285 -124.1648
704699 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 04 Non-native 36.6039 -121.8896
704701 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-05 Coast Guard Pier Non-native 35.3707 -120.8585
718932 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-02-16 San Francisco Bay Plankton 01 Non-native 37.5360 -122.1670
718933 Introduced Species Study 2007 2007-06-28 San Francisco Bay Plankton 01 Non-native 37.5360 -122.1670
718934 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 San Francisco Bay Plankton 03 Non-native 37.6800 -122.2370
718935 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 San Francisco Bay Plankton 04 Non-native 37.6050 -122.2860
718936 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 San Francisco Bay Plankton 10 Non-native 38.0530 -122.4140
718937 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 San Francisco Bay Plankton 11 Non-native 37.9980 -122.4240
758678 Rodholm 1932, cited in Carlton 1979a 1931 Lake Merritt, Oakland, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8025 -122.2578
758679 Graham and Gay 1945 1941 Fruitvale Avenue Bridge Non-native 37.7689 -122.2296
758680 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, U.S. Navy Operations Base (Station F) Non-native 33.7522 -118.2387
758681 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Long Beach Middle Harbor, at entrance to East Basin (Station G) Non-native 33.7521 -118.2153
758682 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Reeves Field Seaplane Hangar Bay (Station H) Non-native 33.7460 -118.2537
758683 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Pilot Service Pier (Station N) Non-native 33.7215 -118.2713
758684 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Berth 236, under Small Boat Fueling Wharf (Station P) Non-native 33.7370 -118.2746
758685 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-08-17 Los Angeles Harbor, Berth 147 (Station Q) Non-native 33.7577 -118.2740
758686 Barnard 1958 1951 1951-06-22 Pontoon Bridge between Terminal Island and Long Beach (Station E) Non-native 33.7646 -118.2211
758687 Reish and Winter 1954 1952 1952-07-30 South Fork, Los Cerritos Channel, Station 30 (near terminus, about 700 feet E of Pacific Coast Highway) Non-native 33.7634 -118.1053
758688 Woodwick 1953; National Museum of Natural History Invertebrate Zoology Collection Database 1952 1952-08-12 Playa del Rey Lagoon Non-native 33.9614 -118.4515
758689 Haderlie 1968 1967 Monterey Municipal Wharf No. 2 Non-native 36.6053 -121.8895
758690 Haderlie 1969 1968 Monterey Municipal Wharf No. 2 Non-native 36.6053 -121.8895
758691 Haderlie 1971 1968 Monterey Bay, 1 nm due north of Del Monte Beach Non-native 36.6213 -121.8726
758692 Haderlie 1971 1971 Monterey Bay, 1 nm due north of Del Monte Beach Non-native 36.6213 -121.8726
758693 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1971 Bolinas Lagoon Non-native 37.9189 -122.6816
758694 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1971 1971-02-28 100 meters S of San Quentin Prison Non-native 37.9361 -122.4893
758695 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1971 1971-02-28 East cove near Tiburon Point Non-native 37.8743 -122.4486
758696 Chapman and Dorman 1975 1972 1972-03-13 one mile W of Coyote Point, near Burlingame Non-native 37.5923 -122.3398
758697 Carlton 1979a 1979 Lake Merritt, Oakland, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8025 -122.2578
758698 Carlton and Hodder 1995 1987 1987-09-25 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
758699 Heiman and Micheli 2010; Hobbs et al. 2015 2002 Elkhorn Slough (Upper) Non-native 36.8547 -121.7600
767417 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-19 SeaWorld Marina, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.7676 -117.2314
767573 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-30 201 Main, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3564 -120.8474
767586 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-27 City Harbor, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3709 -120.8582
767595 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-05 Launch Ramp, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3577 -120.8508
767618 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-31 Morro Bay Marina, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3641 -120.8532
767649 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-04 Tidelands, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3602 -120.8521
768142 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-06 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9736 -122.4802
768285 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-20 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.5877 -122.3163
768323 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-23 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
768345 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-13 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6639 -122.3821
768366 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-14 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
768389 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
768440 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-16 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8611 -122.4851
770798 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-13 Rio Vista Delta Marina Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.1505 -121.6941
770932 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
770996 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
771018 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
771028 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3494
771082 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3494
771101 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3494
771123 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3494
771164 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-27 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7837 -122.2640
771186 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-27 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7837 -122.2640
771219 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-27 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7837 -122.2640
771231 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-18 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9721 -122.4818
771237 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-18 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9721 -122.4818
771269 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-18 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9721 -122.4818
771280 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
771288 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
771336 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
771343 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771351 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771358 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771364 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771380 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771405 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-22 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7658 -122.2850
771433 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-22 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7658 -122.2850
771466 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
771480 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
771497 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
771515 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
772207 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772219 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772247 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772448 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-28 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4818
772488 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772523 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772536 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772552 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772747 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2114
777528 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7370 -124.2176
777530 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-11 Coast Guard, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7669 -124.2174
777532 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-11 Coast Guard, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7669 -124.2174
777536 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7987 -124.1907
777538 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7987 -124.1907
777544 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-12 Redwood Marine Terminal Berth 1, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8173 -124.1804
777557 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8078 -124.1610
777565 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
777567 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
777568 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
777570 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
777574 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8026 -124.1789
777749 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-09 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
777795 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-11 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
777846 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-15 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
777849 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-15 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
777854 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-15 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
777921 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
777941 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-23 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6630 -122.3798
777979 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
777982 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
819370 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Fairhaven terminal None 40.7842 -124.1983
819371 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Eureka marina None 40.8026 -124.1810
819372 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Schneider dock None 40.7992 -124.1848
819373 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Redwood marine terminal None 40.8078 -124.1869
819374 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Woodley island None 40.8097 -124.1538
819375 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Sierra pacific None 40.8155 -124.1822
819376 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Redwood chip export None 40.7999 -124.1915
819377 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 US Coast guard None 40.7750 -124.2090
819378 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Forest products None 40.7304 -124.2193
819379 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Fields landing None 40.7378 -124.2218

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