Invasion History
First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1954First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1954
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:
General Invasion History:
Ampelisca abdita is native to the Western Atlantic from Maine to Florida, Louisiana, and the Gulf of Mexico (Bousfield 1973). It was introduced to the west coast of North America around 1954, but not recognized initially, because of its similarity to the native A. milleri. It is found in California from Tomales Bay to Port Hueneme (Carlton 1979; Chapman 1988; Fairey et al. 2002).
North American Invasion History:
Invasion History on the West Coast:
Ampelisca abdita was first reported from the West Coast in San Francisco Bay in 1954 (Jones 1961, cited by Carlton 1979). Until Carlton (1979), this small estuarine amphipod was identified as the larger deeper-water native form A. milleri. The use of coarse sieves (1 mm aperture) in benthic surveys also delayed the discovery of this species (Carlton 1979; Chapman 1988; Cohen and Carlton 1995). Ampelisca abdita could have been introduced with oysters in the 19th or early 20th centuries, or later with ballast water, or with seaweed used as packing material for bait or seafood.
In San Francisco Bay, A. abdita ranges throughout the moderately brackish to marine parts of the Bay from Carquinez Straits (occasionally upstream to Antioch at the seaward edge of the Delta) to the Golden Gate, though it is rare in the seaward parts of the Central Bay and in Suisun Bay (Cohen and Carlton 1995). Ampelisca abdita is a dominant species in shallow-water sediments and intertidal mudflats in South San Francisco Bay. Populations show regular seasonal cycles of abundance, with two generations per year – a spring peak of reproduction and a lesser fall peak, which produces an over-wintering generation. In San Pablo and Suisun Bay, A. abdita's abundance shows greater fluctuation with salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985a).
Ampelisca abdita is established in other California estuaries from Port Hueneme (1st record 2001, Fairey et al. 2002), Elkhorn Slough (1st record 1998, Wasson et al. 2001), Bolinas Lagoon (1st record 1971, Carlton 1979), and Tomales Bay (1st record 1969, Carlton 1979). Currently, the known range of this species on the West Coast is from Tomales Bay to Port Hueneme.
Description
Ampelisca abdita has a laterally compressed and curved body, with a flattened head and four well-developed eyes. The head bears two pairs of antennae, the second being about 1 1/2 X as long as the first and about 1/3 the total body length. The length of the head is about 5/6 of the length of the first three thoracic segments. The bases of the limbs are covered by large coxal plates, bearing setae on their lower margin. Segment 2 of pereiopods 5 and 7 are enlarged. Segment 3 of pereiopod 7 is longer than segment 4. Pleonite 3 has a squared-off postero-distal corner, lacking a tooth, where it joins the first segment of the urosome. Uropod 1 extends below uropod 2 and the outer ramus bears 1-2 spines. The telson is about 2X as long as wide, and is deeply split.
Ampelisca abdita can be distinguished from the similar Pacific coast species A. milleri by the enlarged postventral lobe of pereiopod 3, the absence of spines on the anterior edges of articles 3 and 4, the strongly bifid dactyl of pereiopod 6, and the greater extension of the posterior edge of article 2 of pereiopod 7 (Chapman 1988). Adults are 4-8 mm long, and typically whitish with red or purple spots. Description based on: Mills 1964a, Bousfield 1973, and Chapman 2007.
Ampelisca abdita constructs a pocket-shaped tube up to 2-3 cm long and 2-3 mm wide. The tube is made from fine sediment. The amphipod lies on its back at the top of the tube and filters the water with its appendages (Bousfield 1973; Lippson and Lippson 1997).
Taxonomy
Taxonomic Tree
Kingdom: | Animalia | |
Phylum: | Arthropoda | |
Subphylum: | Crustacea | |
Class: | Malacostraca | |
Subclass: | Eumalacostraca | |
Superorder: | Peracarida | |
Order: | Amphipoda | |
Suborder: | Gammaridea | |
Family: | Ampeliscidae | |
Genus: | Ampelisca | |
Species: | abdita |
Synonyms
Potentially Misidentified Species
Ampelisca milleri is morphologically quite similar, but with a more marine distribution, and is found from central California to Ecuador (Chapman 2007)
Ampelisca vadorum
Ampelisca abdita was described in 1964, and distinguished from A. vadorum Mills 1963, which has a more marine East Coast distribution (Mills 1964a).
Ecology
General:
Ampelisca abdita is a tube-building gammarid amphipod which inhabits soft sediment, mainly in protected waters. Gammarid amphipods have separate sexes, brooded embryos, and direct development (Bousfield 1973). Ampelisca abdita from the type locality, Barnstable Harbor, Massachusetts, mature at 4.0 (summer generation) to 6.2 mm (winter-spring generation). The summer generation is smaller, and reaches 6.2 mm, while winter animals can reach 8.0 mm. Females produce 17-35 embryos (Mills 1964a; Mills 1967). Animals in culture at 25C reached maturity in 20 days after birth and produced young in 24-36 days (Redmond et al. 1994). Males leave their tubes and swim at night, but females enter the water column only shortly after molting. Mating occurs in the water column (Borowsky and Aitken-Ander 1991).
Ampelisca abdita has a wide native latitudinal range, from Maine to Florida and Mexico (Bousfield 1973; Winfield et al. 2011). It also has a wide salinity range of 5 (Lee et al. 2003) or 10 PSU (Bousfield 1973), but is most abundant at 10-30 PSU in the San Francisco estuary (Hopkins 1986; Lee et al. 2003; Peterson and Vaysierres 2010). It occurs from the intertidal to depths of 60 m in silt, silty sand, and fine or coarse sand (Mills 1964a; Bousfield 1973). This amphipod constructs narrow mud tubes, 30-40 mm long, and ~3mm wide, wide enough for only one animal (Bousfield 1973). Ampelisca abdita can feed either as a suspension-feeder, removing phytoplankton and other particles from the water column, or removing detritus from the sediment surface (Mills 1967). In Jamaica Bay, New York, A. abdita was the major food item of the Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) (Franz and Harris 1988). In the San Francisco Bay estuary, it is also an important prey item for bottom-feeding fishes (Barnett et al. 2011).
Food:
Detritus. Phytoplankton
Consumers:
Fishes
Trophic Status:
Deposit Suspension Feeder
DepSusFedHabitats
General Habitat | Unstructured Bottom | None |
General Habitat | Oyster Reef | None |
General Habitat | Grass Bed | None |
Salinity Range | Mesohaline | 5-18 PSU |
Salinity Range | Polyhaline | 18-30 PSU |
Salinity Range | Euhaline | 30-40 PSU |
Tidal Range | Subtidal | None |
Tidal Range | Low Intertidal | None |
Vertical Habitat | Endobenthic | None |
Tolerances and Life History Parameters
Minimum Salinity (‰) | 4.9 | Field (Lee et al. 2003) |
Maximum Salinity (‰) | 35 | Field Data (Bousfield 1973) |
Minimum Reproductive Temperature | 8 | Mills 1967 |
Minimum Length (mm) | 4 | Adults (Mills 1964a; Bousfield 1973) |
Maximum Length (mm) | 8.2 | Adults (Mills 1964a, Bousfield 1973) |
Broad Temperature Range | None | Cold temperate-Warm temperate |
Broad Salinity Range | None | Mesohaline-Euhaline |
General Impacts
Ecological ImpactsAlthough Ampelisca abdita is abundant in the San Francisco Bay estuary (Hopkins 1986; Lee et al. 2003, Peterson and Vasyierres 2010), there are few detailed studies of its impacts (or lack thereof). However, large populations can construct dense mats, of tubes, potentially altering sediment characteristics (Chapman 1988). Ampelisca abdita is often consumed by fish in the East Coast estuaries (Franz and Tanacredi 1992). Tube-dwelling and free-living gammarid amphipods were important food items for several native (Tule Perch- Hysterocarpus traskii, Prickly Sculpin- Cottus asper, Starry Flounder- Platichthys stellatus) and introduced fishes (Yellowfin Goby - Acanthogobius longimanus) in the San Francisco Bay Delta (Feyrer et al. 2003).
Competition- Nichols and Thompson (1985) observed that settlement of Macoma petalum (as M. balthica) was reduced during peak abundances of A. abdita in the San Francisco estuary, suggesting competition for food or space.
Herbivory- Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthic species, including A. abdita, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985).
Regional Impacts
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | Ecological Impact | Competition | ||
Nichols and Thompson (1985) observed that settlement of Macoma petalum (as M. balthica) was reduced during peak abudances of A. abdita, suggesting competition for food or space. | |||||
P090 | San Francisco Bay | Ecological Impact | Competition | ||
Nichols and Thompson (1985) observed that settlement of Macoma petalum (as M. balthica) was reduced during peak abundances of A. abdita, suggesting competition for food or space. | |||||
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | Ecological Impact | Herbivory | ||
Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including A. abdita, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985). | |||||
P090 | San Francisco Bay | Ecological Impact | Herbivory | ||
Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including A. abdita, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985). | |||||
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | Ecological Impact | Food/Prey | ||
Tube-dwelling and free-living gammarid amphipods were important food items for several native (Tule Perch- Hysterocarpus traskii, Prickly Sculpin- Cottus asper, Starry Flounder- Platichthys stellatus) and introduced fishes (Acanthogobius longimanus, Yellowfin Goby) (Feyrer et al. 2003). | |||||
P090 | San Francisco Bay | Ecological Impact | Food/Prey | ||
Tube-dwelling and free-living gammarid amphipods were important food items for several native (Tule Perch- Hysterocarpus traskii, Prickly Sculpin- Cottus asper, Starry Flounder- Platichthys stellatus) and introduced fishes (Acanthogobius longimanus, Yellowfin Goby) (Feyrer et al. 2003). | |||||
CA | California | Ecological Impact | Competition | ||
Nichols and Thompson (1985) observed that settlement of Macoma petalum (as M. balthica) was reduced during peak abudances of A. abdita, suggesting competition for food or space., Nichols and Thompson (1985) observed that settlement of Macoma petalum (as M. balthica) was reduced during peak abundances of A. abdita, suggesting competition for food or space. | |||||
CA | California | Ecological Impact | Food/Prey | ||
Tube-dwelling and free-living gammarid amphipods were important food items for several native (Tule Perch- Hysterocarpus traskii, Prickly Sculpin- Cottus asper, Starry Flounder- Platichthys stellatus) and introduced fishes (Acanthogobius longimanus, Yellowfin Goby) (Feyrer et al. 2003)., Tube-dwelling and free-living gammarid amphipods were important food items for several native (Tule Perch- Hysterocarpus traskii, Prickly Sculpin- Cottus asper, Starry Flounder- Platichthys stellatus) and introduced fishes (Acanthogobius longimanus, Yellowfin Goby) (Feyrer et al. 2003). | |||||
CA | California | Ecological Impact | Herbivory | ||
Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including A. abdita, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985)., Nichols and Thompson (1985) suggested that an upstream movement of abundant suspension-feeding benthos, including A. abdita, was responsible for a decline in phytoplankton biomass in Suisun Bay during 1976-1977, a dry period of high salinity (Nichols and Thompson 1985). |
Regional Distribution Map
Bioregion | Region Name | Year | Invasion Status | Population Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
NEP-VI | Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California | 2001 | Non-native | Established |
P062 | _CDA_P062 (Calleguas) | 2001 | Non-native | Established |
P080 | Monterey Bay | 1998 | Non-native | Established |
P095 | _CDA_P095 (Tomales-Drakes Bay) | 1971 | Non-native | Established |
P110 | Tomales Bay | 1969 | Non-native | Established |
P093 | _CDA_P093 (San Pablo Bay) | 1954 | Non-native | Established |
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | 1954 | Non-native | Established |
P090 | San Francisco Bay | 1954 | Non-native | Established |
Occurrence Map
OCC_ID | Author | Year | Date | Locality | Status | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
696996 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-27 | Loch Lomond 11 | Non-native | 37.9723 | -122.4777 |
697093 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-12 | Ferry Terminal Pier | Non-native | 37.7945 | -122.3917 |
697095 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-25 | Ferry Terminal Pier | Non-native | 37.7945 | -122.3917 |
697192 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-29 | Mare Island Strait - Navy | Non-native | 38.1015 | -122.2695 |
697327 | Introduced Species Study | 2011 | 2011-06-06 | Tomales Bay Boat Launch | Non-native | 38.1991 | -122.9220 |
697550 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-27 | Loch Lomond 2 | Non-native | 37.9717 | -122.4811 |
697588 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-07 | Benicia Waterfront | Non-native | 38.0401 | -122.1385 |
697684 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-13 | Port Sonoma/Petaluma R. | Non-native | 38.1157 | -122.5026 |
697836 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-03 | Berkeley Marina | Non-native | 37.8676 | -122.3172 |
697930 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-07 | Port of Oakland Office | Non-native | 37.7954 | -122.2804 |
697935 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-02 | Port of Oakland Office | Non-native | 37.7954 | -122.2804 |
698047 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Point Richmond Piers | Non-native | 37.9085 | -122.3913 |
698050 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-28 | Point Richmond Piers | Non-native | 37.9085 | -122.3913 |
698280 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Pier 39 | Non-native | 37.8108 | -122.4086 |
698330 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-01 | Loch Lomond Marina Area | Non-native | 37.9720 | -122.4832 |
698381 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-09 | Richardson Bay | Non-native | 37.8588 | -122.4798 |
698382 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-01 | Richardson Bay | Non-native | 37.8588 | -122.4798 |
698470 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Santa Fe Channel - Front | Non-native | 37.9101 | -122.3644 |
698479 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-28 | Santa Fe Channel - Front | Non-native | 37.9101 | -122.3644 |
698503 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-14 | Romberg Tiburon Center | Non-native | 37.8906 | -122.4458 |
698506 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-09 | Romberg Tiburon Center | Non-native | 37.8906 | -122.4458 |
698928 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-14 | Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor | Non-native | 37.9643 | -122.4185 |
698938 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-20 | Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor | Non-native | 37.9643 | -122.4185 |
699061 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-20 | Petaluma River Turning Basin | Non-native | 38.2344 | -122.6354 |
699084 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-26 | Ballena Island 3 | Non-native | 37.7669 | -122.2870 |
699117 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-09 | Paradise Cay | Non-native | 37.9146 | -122.4776 |
699125 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-14 | Paradise Cay | Non-native | 37.9146 | -122.4776 |
699287 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-07 | Oakland Inner Harbor - Shipping cranes | Non-native | 37.7947 | -122.3095 |
699318 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-20 | San Pablo Bay Pumphouse | Non-native | 38.0446 | -122.4326 |
699327 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-15 | San Pablo Bay Pumphouse | Non-native | 38.0446 | -122.4326 |
699360 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Saint Francis Yacht Harbor | Non-native | 37.8066 | -122.4463 |
699558 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-05-31 | Redwood Creek - Shipping | Non-native | 37.5120 | -122.2109 |
699564 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-07 | Redwood Creek - Shipping | Non-native | 37.5120 | -122.2109 |
699651 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Pier 45 | Non-native | 37.8111 | -122.4196 |
699654 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-12 | Pier 45 | Non-native | 37.8111 | -122.4196 |
699775 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-19 | Mare Island Strait - Marina | Non-native | 38.1051 | -122.2667 |
699779 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-30 | Mare Island Strait - Marina | Non-native | 38.1051 | -122.2667 |
699850 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-09 | Paradise Area | Non-native | 37.9062 | -122.4768 |
699890 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-07 | Redwood Creek - Marina | Non-native | 37.5021 | -122.2130 |
699893 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-05-31 | Redwood Creek - Marina | Non-native | 37.5021 | -122.2130 |
699910 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-26 | BerkeleyHarbor | Non-native | 37.8666 | -122.3176 |
699941 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-05-31 | Dumbarton Bridge | Non-native | 37.5070 | -122.1168 |
699948 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-07 | Dumbarton Bridge | Non-native | 37.5070 | -122.1168 |
699976 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-11 | Point Richmond | Non-native | 37.9212 | -122.3871 |
699982 | ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data | 2000 | 2000-09-14 | Port Hueneme Infaunal 25 | Non-native | 34.1482 | -119.2038 |
699998 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-09 | McNears Beach | Non-native | 37.9962 | -122.4556 |
699999 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-12 | McNears Beach | Non-native | 37.9962 | -122.4556 |
700037 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Cruise Ship Pier | Non-native | 37.8085 | -122.4060 |
700325 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-04 | Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier | Non-native | 37.8600 | -122.3256 |
700333 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-03 | Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier | Non-native | 37.8600 | -122.3256 |
700489 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-01 | Coyote Point Marina | Non-native | 37.5905 | -122.3177 |
700497 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-09 | Coyote Point Marina | Non-native | 37.5905 | -122.3177 |
700527 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-08 | Sea Plane Lagoon | Non-native | 37.7761 | -122.2998 |
700601 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-26 | BerkeleyHarbor2 | Non-native | 37.8672 | -122.3157 |
700809 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-09 | Sea Plane Harbor | Non-native | 37.6349 | -122.3848 |
700812 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-01 | Sea Plane Harbor | Non-native | 37.6349 | -122.3848 |
701441 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-30 | Hercules Wharf | Non-native | 38.0231 | -122.2928 |
701444 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-19 | Hercules Wharf | Non-native | 38.0231 | -122.2928 |
701829 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-02 | Ballena Bay | Non-native | 37.7661 | -122.2834 |
701862 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-26 | BerkeleyHarbor3 | Non-native | 37.8654 | -122.3124 |
702040 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-27 | Loch Lomond | Non-native | 37.9719 | -122.4838 |
702168 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-08 | Oakland Outer Harbor | Non-native | 37.8217 | -122.3145 |
702196 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-07 | New York Point Marina | Non-native | 38.0400 | -121.8863 |
702234 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-25 | Central Basin | Non-native | 37.7643 | -122.3863 |
702278 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-26 | Ballena Island 2 | Non-native | 37.7665 | -122.2851 |
702324 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-13 | Ayala Cove | Non-native | 37.8680 | -122.4350 |
702325 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-19 | Ayala Cove | Non-native | 37.8680 | -122.4350 |
702587 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Richmond Marina | Non-native | 37.9137 | -122.3504 |
702694 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-25 | Potrero Point | Non-native | 37.7521 | -122.3790 |
702695 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-12 | Potrero Point | Non-native | 37.7521 | -122.3790 |
702997 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-25 | China Basin | Non-native | 37.7780 | -122.3881 |
703271 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-12 | China Camp | Non-native | 38.0025 | -122.4617 |
703405 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-07 | Oakland Inner Harbor - Small marinas | Non-native | 37.7847 | -122.2669 |
703406 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-05 | Oakland Inner Harbor - Small marinas | Non-native | 37.7847 | -122.2669 |
703593 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-10 | Toll Plaza | Non-native | 37.8266 | -122.3166 |
703798 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-10 | Hayward Landing | Non-native | 37.6447 | -122.1543 |
703907 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-30 | Rodeo Marina | Non-native | 38.0394 | -122.2717 |
703979 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-07 | Railroad Bridge | Non-native | 37.4602 | -121.9750 |
704134 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-02 | Coast Guard Island | Non-native | 37.7812 | -122.2457 |
704182 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-28 | Chevron Pier | Non-native | 37.9228 | -122.4105 |
704196 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Chevron Pier | Non-native | 37.9228 | -122.4105 |
704369 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-26 | Ballena Island | Non-native | 37.7661 | -122.2824 |
704551 | Introduced Species Study | 2003 | 2003-08-27 | Corinthian Marina 3 | Non-native | 37.8717 | -122.4568 |
704604 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-09 | Sierra Point Marina | Non-native | 37.6740 | -122.3792 |
704606 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-01 | Sierra Point Marina | Non-native | 37.6740 | -122.3792 |
768202 | Ruiz et al., 2015 | 2012 | 2012-08-31 | Glen Cove Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA | Non-native | 38.0663 | -122.2130 |
819120 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | San Leandro | None | 37.6580 | -122.2217 | |
819121 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | Redwood City | None | 37.5574 | -122.1755 | |
819122 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | Coyote Point | None | 37.5987 | -122.3252 | |
819123 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | None | None | |||
819124 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | Corte Madera | None | 37.9309 | -122.4819 | |
819125 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | Oyster Point | None | 37.6805 | -122.3731 | |
819126 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | Richardson Bay | None | 37.8788 | -122.4759 | |
819127 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | Emeryville | None | 37.8596 | -122.3152 | |
819128 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2012 | Ballena Isle | None | 37.7643 | -122.2978 | |
819679 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | Emeryville | None | 37.8602 | -122.3000 | |
819680 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | Corte Madera | None | 37.9364 | -122.4833 | |
819681 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | Richardson bay | None | 37.8737 | -122.4667 | |
819682 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | None | None | |||
819683 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | Ballena isle | None | 37.7578 | -122.2500 | |
819684 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | Oyster Point | None | 37.6788 | -122.3667 | |
819685 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | Redwood city | None | 37.5588 | -122.2000 | |
819686 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | Coyote Point | None | 37.5926 | -122.2667 | |
819687 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2015) | 2013 | San Leandro | None | 37.6602 | -122.2167 | |
819853 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | Oyster Point | None | 37.6937 | -122.3689 | |
819854 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | SF marina | None | 37.8075 | -122.4347 | |
819855 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | Hayward | None | 37.6485 | -122.2184 | |
819856 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | Ballena Isle | None | 37.7583 | -122.2841 | |
819857 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | San Mateo | None | 37.5938 | -122.3036 | |
819858 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | San Bruno | None | 37.6479 | -122.3662 | |
819859 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | Richmond | None | 37.9187 | -122.3919 | |
819860 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | Albany | None | 37.8877 | -122.3247 | |
819861 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | San Quentin | None | 37.9372 | -122.4787 | |
819862 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2014 | Richardson bay | None | 37.8715 | -122.4790 | |
820063 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Oakland | None | 37.7056 | -122.2473 | |
820064 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Ballena Isle | None | 37.7588 | -122.2834 | |
820065 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | SF marina | None | 37.8074 | -122.4345 | |
820066 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Richardson bay | None | 37.8705 | -122.4797 | |
820067 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Smithsonian | None | 37.8981 | -122.4623 | |
820068 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Hunters Point | None | 37.7088 | -122.3691 | |
820069 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Oyster Point | None | 37.6747 | -122.3753 | |
820070 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Union City | None | 37.5865 | -122.1743 | |
820071 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | Albany | None | 37.8879 | -122.3245 | |
820072 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2015 | San Lorenzo | None | 37.6480 | -122.2159 | |
820273 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | SF marina | None | 37.8071 | -122.4345 | |
820274 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Bay Farm | None | 37.7237 | -122.2632 | |
820275 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Brisbane | None | 37.6560 | -122.3697 | |
820276 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Mission Bay | None | 37.7553 | -122.3790 | |
820277 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Albany | None | 37.8773 | -122.3241 | |
820278 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | El Cerrito | None | 37.8885 | -122.3367 | |
820279 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Richardson bay | None | 37.8669 | -122.4751 | |
820280 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Paradise Cay | None | 37.9044 | -122.4684 | |
820281 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Oyster Point | None | 37.6688 | -122.3741 | |
820282 | Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) | 2016 | Ballena Isle | None | 37.7516 | -122.2878 | |
820483 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Oracle Park | None | 37.7780 | -122.3843 | |
820484 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Tiburon Ferry | None | 37.8724 | -122.4540 | |
820485 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Point Richmond | None | 37.9082 | -122.3941 | |
820486 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | San Francisco Marina | None | 37.8076 | -122.4332 | |
820487 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Hunter's Point | None | 37.7058 | -122.3750 | |
820488 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Oyster Point | None | 37.6797 | -122.3774 | |
820489 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Richardson Bay | None | 37.8624 | -122.4636 | |
820490 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Albany | None | 37.8648 | -122.3229 | |
820491 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Oakland | None | 37.6977 | -122.2501 | |
820492 | Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2023) | 2022 | Ballena Isle | None | 37.7637 | -122.3002 |
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