Invasion History
First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1977First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1977
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record: 1999
General Invasion History:
Ianiropsis serricaudis was described from the Pacific coast of Russia (Gurjanova 1936, cited by Hobbs et al. 2015), and is known to occur from the Korea Straits to the Sea of Okhotsk (Jang and Kwon 1990; Hobbs et al. 2015). In 1977, it was tentatively identified from San Francisco Bay by Carlton, Iverson, and Chapman (Carlton 1979), but was later not considered to be established because of taxonomic uncertainty (Cohen and Carlton 1995). In 2000, an unidentified Ianiropsis, the first of the genus to be found on the East Coast, was found in rapid assessment surveys of nonindigenous species in New England (MIT Sea Grant 2000-2008; Pederson et al. 2003). Collections of similar isopods were made from fouling communities in the Netherlands (in 2000, Faasse 2007, cited by Hobbs et al. 2015); England (in 2004, Hobbs et al. 2015); Puget Sound (in 2010, Cordell et al. 2012), and the Lagoon of Venice (in 2012, Marchini et al. 2015). Likely vectors for the spread of this isopod are ship fouling, ballast water, and oyster aquaculture (Hobbs et al. 2015).
North American Invasion History:
Invasion History on the West Coast:
Ianiropsis serricaudis was collected and identified from fouling communities in San Francisco Bay by Carlton, Iverson, and Chapman in 1977. It was found associated with the introduced tunicates Styela clava, Ciona robusta, and the isopod Dynoides dentisinus (Carlton 1979). Ianiropsis spp. continued to be collected, but identifications to species were difficult, owing to a large number of native species. Cohen and Carlton (1995) listed I. serricaudis among species whose establishment was uncertain. Specimens collected in the 1990s and 2000s from Treasure Island (1993), Richmond (2004), and the Presidio Yacht Club (2004) were verified as I. serricaudis (Hobbs et al. 2015), all in the central Bay. Additional collections were made in 2005 at Coyote Point Marina and San Mateo, in South San Francisco Bay (Foss 2009). In 2002, three specimens of I. serricaudis were identified from Elkhorn Slough, in Moss Landing. The isopods were found near reefs of the tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Heiman and Micheli 2010; Hobbs et al. 2015). This isopod was reported from open coast areas at Point Arena and Purisima Point in 2004 (Maloney et al. 2006), but we do not know if populations are established there.
In 2010, I. serricaudis was found to be abundant in Puget Sound, Washington at one site: Taylor Shellfish Farms in Totten Inlet (Cordell et al. 2012). It was associated with Didemnum vexillum there, but was not found at other locations in Puget Sound (Cordell et al. 2012; Hobbs et al. 2015). Living specimens of I. serricaudis were found on a dock and a boat that drifted across the Pacific to the Oregon coast after the Japanese earthquake and tsunami of 2011, but these transports are not known to have resulted in established populations (Hobbs et al. 2015).
Invasion History on the East Coast:
There are no native Ianiropsis spp. in the Northwest Atlantic, but the small size of I. serricaudis makes it easy to overlook. On the East Coast, Ianiropsis serricaudis was first collected in 1999 in the Mystic River, a tributary of Long Island Sound, 'amongst the native bryozoan Amathia dichotoma', but not identified until 2012 (Hobbs et al. 2015). In New England, surveys conducted in 2000-2014 found I. serricaudis, identified as Ianiropsis sp., from Waterford, Connecticut to Bourne Marina, Massachusetts (MA) (MIT Sea Grant 2003-2008; Pederson et al. 2003; Janiak and Whitlach 2012). In 2007-2013, it was found in the Gulf of Maine, from Sandwich, MA (Cape Cod Bay) to Camden, Maine, (Penobscot Bay) (MIT Sea Grant 2009-2012; Wells et al. 2014). It was typically found on dock floats overgrown with Ulva sp. and tunicates, and rocky intertidal shores (Janiak and Whitlach 2012; Hobbs et al. 2015). In 2012-2013, I. serricaudis was found in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, associated with the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766), and the native bryozoans Einhornia crustulenta (Pallas, 1766) and Schizoporella sp., as well as the green alga Ulva lactuca (Hobbs et al. 2015). In 2012, this isopod was found in at one station in Sinepuxent Bay, Maryland, at only one of 13 stations in the Maryalnd Coastal Bays (Morales-Núñez, and Chigbu 2018).
Invasion History Elsewhere in the World:
In Europe, I. serricaudis was first observed in the Oosterschelde, the Netherlands in 2000 (Faasse 2007, cited by Hobbs et al. 2015). It was later found at another site, near the port of Rotterdam. In England, it was found in 2004 at Southampton, in the Solent estuary, off the English Channel (Hobbs et al. 2015), and at Plymouth, on the southwest coast (Hobbs et al. 2015). In 2012, it was found in the Lagoon of Venice, its first reported occurrence in the Mediterranean (Marchini et al. 2015). As with the invasions in North America, hull fouling and ballast water are probably the likeliest modes of long-distance transport, but aquaculture sites are likely areas of colonization and a source of local dispersal (Hobbs et al. 2015).
Description
Ianiropsis serricaudis has a lozenge-shaped body, about 3X as long as wide, with the sides nearly parallel, broadest in pereaonal segment 3, and slightly tapered towards the head. The margin of the cephalon is slightly concave and has an inconspicuous rostrum on the frontal margin. The pleotelson has a small median lobe, with 3 or 4 spine-like serrations on each side (sometimes up to 7) and 2 or 3 unequal setae at the base of each serration. The uropods are slightly longer than the pleotelson. Antenna 1 is comparatively short, reaching segment 5 of Antenna 2 and about 1/4 of the body length. The Antennae 2 of I. serricaudis are about equal to body length, and peduncle segments 6 and 7 are especially elongated, totaling about 1/2 body length. In mature males, the maxilliped palps are elongated, with 5 segments, extending well beyond the basal segments of Antenna 2 and visible in dorsal view. The pereiopods are long, 1X-2X body maximum width. Pereiopods 1 have 3 claws each, while Pereiopods 7 have 2-3 claws. Antenna 2 is 6/10 of body length, with a flagellum of 24 segments. In males, Pleopod pairs 1 and 2 are modified for copulation. Pleopods 1 are fused to form a narrow appendage (the sympod),widening near the tip and ending in a pair of thick spines, each bearing 4 outer setae, a group of short setae on the inner side of the spine, and a longer, medial group of 6-7 longer setae. Pleopods 2 are not fused, but the inner ramus of each is modified into a needle-like stylus. Males are up 3.2 mm long and females are at least 2.4 mm. Reported colors vary, apparently with substrate. Gurjanova (1936, cited by Hobbs et al. 2015), reported that the isopods in Pacific Russia were pale, but with black eyes, spotted with black melanophores, giving a gray appearance. Korean specimens had brown melanophores (Jang and Kwon 1990), while Dutch animals often had red eyes and brown melanophores. New England animals varied from greenish to yellowish, and reddish, according to the color of the bryozoans and sponges on which they were feeding. Description based on: Jang and Kwon 1990, Wilson and Wagele 1994, Doti and Wilson 2010, Hobbs et al. 2015.
Taxonomy
Taxonomic Tree
Kingdom: | Animalia | |
Phylum: | Arthropoda | |
Subphylum: | Crustacea | |
Class: | Malacostraca | |
Subclass: | Eumalacostraca | |
Superorder: | Peracarida | |
Order: | Isopoda | |
Suborder: | Asellota | |
Family: | Janiridae | |
Genus: | Ianiropsis | |
Species: | serricaudis |
Synonyms
Ianiropsis notoensis (Nunomura, 1985)
Potentially Misidentified Species
Menzies 1952, Northeast Pacific (Schultz 1969; Brusca et al. 2007; Hobbs et al. 2015)
Ianiropsis breviremis
Sars 1883, Northeast Atlantic (Hobbs et al. 2015)
Ianiropsis derjugini
Gurjanova 1952, Northwest Pacific, Bering Sea, Northeast Pacific (Jang and Kwon 1990; Brusca et al. 2007; Hobbs et al. 2015)
Ianiropsis epilittoralis
Menzies 1952, Northwest Pacific, Northeast Pacific (Schultz 1969; Jang and Kwon 1990; Brusca 2007; Hobbs 2015)
Ianiropsis kincaidi
Richardson 1904, Northeast Pacific (Schultz 1969; Brusca 2007)
Ianiropsis minuta
Menzies 1952, Northeast Pacific (Schultz 1969; Brusca 2007)
Ianiropsis montereyensis
Menzies 1952, Northeast Pacific (Schultz 1969; Brusca 2007)
Ianiropsis tridens
Menzies 1952, Northwest Pacific, Northeast Pacific, Chile (Schultz 1969; Jang and Kwon 1990; Brusca 2007; Hobbs et al. 2015)
Ecology
General:
Ianiropsis serricaudis has separate sexes, with internal fertilization, and direct development. Kussakin (1988, cited by Hobbs et al. 2015) observed breeding of I. serricaudis in Russia, in August-October, with 7-32 (average 18) eggs per female.
Ianiropsis serricaudis occurs in cold-temperate to warm-temperate climates, and has been collected at temperatures ranging from -1.8 C to 24 C. It has been collected at salinities from 16.9 to 35 PSU (Hobbs et al. 2015). This isopod occurs on a wide range of fouling organisms which provide shelter, including algae (red algae-Pachyarthron cretaceum, Chondrus crispus, Grateloupia turuturu; brown algae- Laminaria sp., green algae- Ulva spp.); sponges (Halichondria bowerbanki, Clathria prolifera); bryozoans (Amathia dichotoma, Einhornia crustulenta, Schizoporella sp., Tricellaria inopinata); and tunicates (Botrylloides violaceus, Ciona robusta, Didemnum vexillum, Diplosoma listerianum, Styela clava). Many of the organisms used by I. serricaudis are native to the Northwest Pacific, the native region of I. serricaudis (Hobbs et al. 2015). The feeding habits of this isopod is not known, but it may feed on the fecal material of colonial invertebrates, as well as, the surface microbiota and detritus associated with colonial invertebrates and algae.
Food:
Microalgae, protozoans, pseudofeces
Trophic Status:
Omnivore
OmniHabitats
General Habitat | Marinas & Docks | None |
General Habitat | Rocky | None |
Salinity Range | Polyhaline | 18-30 PSU |
Salinity Range | Euhaline | 30-40 PSU |
Tidal Range | Subtidal | None |
Vertical Habitat | Epibenthic | None |
Tolerances and Life History Parameters
Minimum Temperature (ºC) | -1.8 | Field, Pacific Russia (Hobbs et al. 2015) |
Maximum Temperature (ºC) | 24 | Field, Pacific Russia, Narragansett Bay (Hobbs et al. 2015) |
Minimum Salinity (‰) | 16.9 | Field (Hobbs et al. 2015) |
Maximum Salinity (‰) | 35 | Field (Hobbs et al. 2015) |
Maximum Length (mm) | 3.2 | Hobbs et al. 2015 |
Broad Temperature Range | None | Cold-temperate |
Broad Salinity Range | None | Polyhaline-Euhaline |
General Impacts
Impacts of Ianiropsis serricaudis have not been studied. However, in some cases this isopod can reach extraordinary abundances within fouling communities, and could have impacts as a competitor, as prey, or in some other ecological role (Hobbs et al. 2015).Regional Distribution Map
Bioregion | Region Name | Year | Invasion Status | Population Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
NEP-IV | Puget Sound to Northern California | 2015 | Non-native | Established |
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | 2013 | Non-native | Established |
P116 | _CDA_P116 (Big Navaro-Garcia) | 2004 | Non-native | Unknown |
P067 | _CDA_P067 (San Antonio) | 2004 | Non-native | Unknown |
P080 | Monterey Bay | 2002 | Non-native | Established |
P090 | San Francisco Bay | 1977 | Non-native | Established |
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | 1977 | Non-native | Established |
Occurrence Map
OCC_ID | Author | Year | Date | Locality | Status | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
756175 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-08 | Sea Plane Lagoon | Non-native | 37.7761 | -122.2998 |
756176 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-06-09 | Point Cavallo | Non-native | 37.8319 | -122.4737 |
756177 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-25 | Ferry Terminal Pier | Non-native | 37.7945 | -122.3917 |
756178 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-25 | China Basin | Non-native | 37.7780 | -122.3881 |
756179 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-08-25 | Potrero Point | Non-native | 37.7521 | -122.3790 |
756180 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-07 | Dumbarton Bridge | Non-native | 37.5070 | -122.1168 |
756181 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-07 | Redwood Creek - Marina | Non-native | 37.5021 | -122.2130 |
756182 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-07 | Railroad Bridge | Non-native | 37.4602 | -121.9750 |
756183 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Treasure Island | Non-native | 37.8149 | -122.3702 |
756184 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Pier 39 | Non-native | 37.8108 | -122.4086 |
756185 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Pier 45 | Non-native | 37.8111 | -122.4196 |
756186 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-08 | Cruise Ship Pier | Non-native | 37.8085 | -122.4060 |
756187 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-09 | Sea Plane Harbor | Non-native | 37.6349 | -122.3848 |
756188 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-09 | San Mateo Bridge | Non-native | 37.5806 | -122.2543 |
756189 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-09 | Sierra Point Marina | Non-native | 37.6740 | -122.3792 |
756190 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-09-09 | Coyote Point Marina | Non-native | 37.5905 | -122.3177 |
756191 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-04 | Oakland Outer Harbor | Non-native | 37.8217 | -122.3145 |
756192 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-04 | Oakland Inner Harbor - Shipping cranes | Non-native | 37.7947 | -122.3095 |
756193 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-04 | Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier | Non-native | 37.8600 | -122.3256 |
756194 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-04 | Berkeley Marina | Non-native | 37.8676 | -122.3172 |
756195 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-05 | Oakland Inner Harbor - Small marinas | Non-native | 37.7847 | -122.2669 |
756196 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-05 | Port of Oakland Office | Non-native | 37.7954 | -122.2804 |
756197 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-05 | Sea Plane Lagoon | Non-native | 37.7761 | -122.2998 |
756198 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-05 | Coast Guard Island | Non-native | 37.7812 | -122.2457 |
756199 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-05 | Ballena Bay | Non-native | 37.7661 | -122.2834 |
756200 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Point Richmond Piers | Non-native | 37.9085 | -122.3913 |
756201 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Richmond Marina | Non-native | 37.9137 | -122.3504 |
756202 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Santa Fe Channel - Back | Non-native | 37.9207 | -122.3684 |
756203 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-06 | Santa Fe Channel - Front | Non-native | 37.9101 | -122.3644 |
756204 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-19 | Mare Island Strait - Navy | Non-native | 38.1015 | -122.2695 |
756205 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-19 | Hercules Wharf | Non-native | 38.0231 | -122.2928 |
756206 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-19 | Mare Island Strait - Marina | Non-native | 38.1051 | -122.2667 |
756207 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-20 | Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor | Non-native | 37.9643 | -122.4185 |
756208 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-20 | Port Sonoma/Petaluma R. | Non-native | 38.1157 | -122.5026 |
756209 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-20 | San Pablo Bay Pumphouse | Non-native | 38.0446 | -122.4326 |
756210 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-21 | Ayala Cove | Non-native | 37.8680 | -122.4350 |
756211 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-21 | Corinthian Marina | Non-native | 37.8726 | -122.4563 |
756212 | Introduced Species Study | 2005 | 2005-10-21 | Richardson Bay | Non-native | 37.8588 | -122.4798 |
756213 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-05-31 | Railroad Bridge | Non-native | 37.4602 | -121.9750 |
756214 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-05-31 | Dumbarton Bridge | Non-native | 37.5070 | -122.1168 |
756215 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-02 | Ballena Bay | Non-native | 37.7661 | -122.2834 |
756216 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-02 | Oakland Inner Harbor - Shipping cranes | Non-native | 37.7947 | -122.3095 |
756217 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-02 | Port of Oakland Office | Non-native | 37.7954 | -122.2804 |
756218 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-03 | Treasure Island | Non-native | 37.8149 | -122.3702 |
756219 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-03 | Berkeley Marina | Non-native | 37.8676 | -122.3172 |
756220 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-28 | Santa Fe Channel - Back | Non-native | 37.9207 | -122.3684 |
756221 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-30 | Hercules Wharf | Non-native | 38.0231 | -122.2928 |
756222 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-06-30 | Mare Island Strait - Marina | Non-native | 38.1051 | -122.2667 |
756223 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-01 | Richardson Bay | Non-native | 37.8588 | -122.4798 |
756224 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-01 | Ayala Cove | Non-native | 37.8680 | -122.4350 |
756225 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-12 | Pier 45 | Non-native | 37.8111 | -122.4196 |
756226 | Introduced Species Study | 2010 | 2010-07-13 | Port Sonoma/Petaluma R. | Non-native | 38.1157 | -122.5026 |
760480 | Carlton 1979a; Hobbs et al. 2015 | 1977 | Oakland Estuary | Non-native | 37.7866 | -122.2654 | |
760481 | Hobbs et al. 2105 | 1993 | Treasure Island Yacht Harbor, Clipper Cove | Non-native | 37.8158 | -122.3701 | |
760482 | Hobbs et al. 2105 | 2004 | Richmond Marina | Non-native | 37.9137 | -122.3504 | |
760483 | Hobbs et al. 2105 | 2004 | Presidio Yacht Club (Horseshoe Bay) | Non-native | 37.8327 | -122.4741 | |
760484 | Heiman and Micheli 2010; Hobbs et al. 2015 | 2002 | Elkhorn Slough (Upper) | Non-native | 36.8547 | -121.7600 | |
767353 | Ruiz et al., 2015 | 2012 | 2012-08-21 | Porto Bodega, Bodega Bay, California, USA | Non-native | 38.3333 | -123.0525 |
767375 | Ruiz et al., 2015 | 2012 | 2012-08-21 | Tomales-Nick's Cove, Bodega Bay, California, USA | Non-native | 38.1980 | -122.9222 |
767394 | Ruiz et al., 2015 | 2012 | 2012-08-16 | Tomales-SNPS, Bodega Bay, California, USA | Non-native | 38.1359 | -122.8719 |
767604 | Ruiz et al., 2015 | 2013 | 2013-09-05 | Launch Ramp, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA | Non-native | 35.3577 | -120.8508 |
768191 | Ruiz et al., 2015 | 2012 | 2012-09-07 | Jack London Square Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA | Non-native | 37.7940 | -122.2787 |
769437 | Ruiz et al., 2021b | 2018 | 2018-08-10 | Alamitos Bay Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA | Non-native | 33.7494 | -118.1154 |
770034 | Ruiz et al., 2021b | 2018 | 2018-08-08 | Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA | Non-native | 33.7472 | -118.2130 |
References
Brusca, Richard C.; Coeljo, Vania R. Taiti, Stefano (2007) The Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon (4th edition), University of Calfiornia Press, Berkeley CA. Pp. 503-542Carlton, James T. (1979) History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America., Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis. Pp. 1-904
Cohen, Andrew N.; Carlton, James T. (1995) Nonindigenous aquatic species in a United States estuary: a case study of the biological invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Sea Grant College Program (Connecticut Sea Grant), Washington DC, Silver Spring MD.. Pp. <missing location>
Cordell, Jeffery R.; Levy, Claire; Toft, Jason D. (2012) Ecological implications of invasive tunicates associated with artificial structures in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, Biological Invasions 15(6): 1303-1318
Doti, Brenda Lía; Wilson, George D. F. (2010) The genera Carpias Richardson, Ianiropsis Sars and Janaira Moreira & Pires (Isopoda: Asellota: Janiridae) from Australia, with description of three new species, Zootaxa 2625: 1-39
Foss, Stephen (2009) <missing title>, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento CA. Pp. <missing location>
Fuller; . Pam L.; Whelan, Gary E (2021) The flathead catfish invasion of the Great Lakes, Journal of Great Lakes Research 44(5): 1081-1092
Heiman, Kimberly W.; Micheli, Fiorenza (2010) Non-native ecosystem engineer alters estuarine communities, Integrative and Comparative Biology 50(2): 226-236
Hobbs, Niels-Viggo and 8 authors (2015) Going global: The introduction of the Asian isopod Ianiropsis serricaudis Gurjanova (Crustacea: Peracarida) to North America and Europe, Aquatic Invasions 10: In press
Jang, In Kwon; Kwon, Do Heo (1990) Ianiropsis (Isopoda, Ianiridae) from Korea, with description of a new species, Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology Molluscan Research 6(2): 193-208
Janiak, Dean S.; Whitlatch, Robert B. (2012) Epifaunal and algal assemblages associated with the native Chondrus crispus (Stackhouse) and the non-native Grateloupia turuturu (Yamada) in eastern Long Island Sound, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 413: 38-44
Kennedy, C., Pappal, A. L.; Bastidas, C.; ; Carlton, J. T.; David, A. A.; Dijkstra, J.A.; Duffey, S; Gibson, J.; Grady, S. P.; Green-Gavrielidis, (2020) Report on the 2018 Rapid Assessment Survey of Introduced, Cryptogenic, and Native Marine Species at New England Marinas: Massachusetts to Maine, <missing publisher>, Boston MA. Pp. <missing location>
Maloney, E.; Fairey, R.; Lyman, A.; Reynolds, K.; Sigala, M. (2006) <missing title>, California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Sacramento. Pp. <missing location>
Marchini, Agnese; Ferrario, Jasmine; Sfriso, Adriano; Occhipinti-Ambrogi Anna (2015) Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea, Biological Invasions <missing volume>: In press
MIT Sea Grant 2003-2008 Introduced and cryptogenic species of the North Atlantic. <missing URL>
MIT Sea Grant 2009-2012 Marine Invader Tracking and Information System (MITIS). <missing URL>
Morgan, David L.; Gill, ;Howard S.; Maddern, Mark G; Beatty. .; Stephen J. (2004) Distribution and impacts of introduced freshwater fishes in Western Australia, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38: 511-523
Moschenko, Alexander V.; Zvyagintsev, Alexander Yu. (2004) Composition, structure, and distribution features of fouling community in the water intake tunnel of Vladivostok heat and power plant, Ocean and Polar Research 26(4): 619-633
Pederson, Judith and 15 authors (2003) <missing title>, MIT Sea Grant College Program, Cambridge. Pp. <missing location>
Pederson, Judith, and 13 authors (2021) 2019 Rapid Assessment Survey of marine bioinvasions of southern New England and New York, USA, with an overview of new records and range expansions, Bioinvasions Records 10(2): 22-–237
Russell, D. J. Thuesen, P. A. Thomson, F. E. (2012) A review of the biology, ecology, distribution and control of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) (Pisces: Cichlidae) with particular emphasis on invasive Australian populations, Review of Fish Biology and Fisheries 22: 533-554
Schultz, G.A. (1969) The Marine Isopod Crustaceans, Wm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Pp. <missing location>
Ulman, Aylin and 17 authors (2017) A massive update of non-indigenous species records in Mediterranean marinas, PeerJ 5( e3954): <missing location>
Wells, Christopher D. and 23 authors (2014) Report on the 2013 rapid assessment survey of marine species at New England bays and harbors, Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, Boston MA. Pp. 32
Wilson, George D. F.; Wagele, Johann-Wolfgang (1994) Review of the family Ianiridae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), Invertebrate Taxonomy 8: 683-747
Zambrano, René; Ramos, John (2021) Alien crustacean species recorded in Ecuador, Nauplius 29: e2021043