Invasion History
First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1963First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1963
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:
General Invasion History:
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) is a coastal and estuarine fish native to the Northwest Pacific. Its native range extents from Peter the Great Bay, Russia, to Kyushu, Japan (Golikov et al. 1976; Froese and Pauly 2018). This fish enters brackish and fresh water, but requires a salinity of at least 5 PSU for successful development. In 1963, two specimens of A. flavimanus were collected in fresh water in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Brittan et al. 1963). By 1970 the Yellowfin Goby was widespread and abundant in the entire bay and estuary, and in reservoirs connected to the Delta by canals but located far inland (Brittan 1970). Currently, this fish ranges from Bodega Bay to San Diego (Williams et al. 1008; USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018). In 1971, A. flavimanus was collected in Sydney, Australia, and later spread to Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, and South Australia (Hoese 1973; Lockett and Gomo 1999; Lockett and Gomon 2001). This fish has probably been transported by ships' ballast water, though some authors have proposed eggs in fouling or oysters as possible vectors (Brittan et al. 1963; Haaker 1979; Middleton 1983; Lockett and Gomon 2001).
North American Invasion History:
Invasion History on the West Coast:
Acanthogobius flavimanus was first collected was first collected at Prisoners Point, Venice Island, in the San Joaquin River on January 18, 1963. Another specimen was caught in the Stockton Deepwater Channel on March 29, 1963. Both of these collections were made in tidal freshwater in the San Francisco estuary Delta (Brittan et al. 1963). By 1968, A. flavimanus had been collected through most of the San Francisco estuary from Richardson Bay, near the Golden Gate, throughout the South and San Pablo Bays to the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, to the ports of Sacramento and Stockton. Remarkably, large numbers of dead Yellowfin Gobies were found in the San Luis Reservoir in 1967, which is 100 miles southeast of San Francisco. This reservoir receives freshwater through the O'Neill Forebay, which receives water from the Delta through the California Aqueduct and from the Delta-Mendota Canal. The fish were killed by an anoxic event in the reservoir. Also in 1967, one fish was caught in a tributary creek of the Bolinas Lagoon, which is a separate estuary about 15 miles north of the Golden Gate (Brittan et al. 1970). Acanthogobius flavimanus was collected in Tomales Bay in 1970, Estero Americano in Bodega Bay in 1972, and Elkhorn Slough in 1972 (USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018).
On September 22, 1977 an individual A. flavimanus was photographed in Los Angeles Harbor, and on March 29, 1978 a specimen was collected in Long Beach Harbor. In 1978, more specimens were collected in Newport Beach, the San Gabriel River, and the Long Beach Swimming Lagoon, near the mouth of Los Angeles Harbor (Haaker 1979). The Yellowfin Goby has spread north and south to other southern California estuaries, reaching the San Dieguito River (1984), San Diego Bay (1988), Los Penasquitos Lagoon (1989), and the Tijuana Estuary in 1990 (Williams et al. 1998; Williams et al. 2001), Santa Margarita River (1998, (USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018) and Ballona Marsh and Mugu Lagoon, near Los Angeles (Swift et al. 1993). Based on their genetic differences, the southern California and Northern California-San Francisco Bay populations are suspected of being separate introductions (Nielson and Wilson 2005; Hirase et al. 2017). The San Francisco Bay population was most similar to fish from Tokyo Bay, but the origin of the southern population was not clear (Hirase et al. 2017).
Invasion History Elsewhere in the World:
In 1971, a specimen of Acanthogobius flavimanus was collected in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales. By 1973, 17 fish had been collected (1971, Hoese 1973). This Goby was found in two locations in New South Wales in the late 1970s, Botany Bay and the Hawkesbury River, in Newcastle (Middleton 1982; Lockett and Gomon 2001). In 1990, it was collected in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, and was found to be established in the northern part of Bay (Lockett and Gomon 2001). It has not undergone the rapid geographical and population expansion noted in California, perhaps because of warmer temperatures (Lockett and Gomon 2001), and/or of low genetic diversity (Hirase 2017).
Description
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) is a coastal and estuarine fish that enters brackish and fresh water. It has the typical features of the family Gobiidae, including the two pelvic fins united to form a conical sucking disk, two dorsal fins (the anterior fin is spiny and the posterior one is soft), and eyes near the top of the head. The dorsal fins have eight contiguous spines and 14 rays. The lateral line is not noticeable. Scales are large, with about 55 to 65 in the mid-lateral series. The anal fin is about equal in length to the soft dorsal fin, with 11-12 rays. The body is somewhat elongated, rounded anteriorly, and laterally compressed posteriorly. The head is about 30% of body length. The maxillae almost reach the midpoint of the eyes. The body is light brown, with five to seven diffuse, dusky dark-brown patches along each side. The dorsal fins are speckled with dark brown dots. There are about ten dark zigzag bands on the caudal fin. Yellowfin gobies reach 250 and occasionally 300 mm (Miller and Lee 1972; Golikov et al. 1976; Eschmeyer and Herald 1983; Froese and Pauly 2018; California Fish Website 2018).
Taxonomy
Taxonomic Tree
Kingdom: | Animalia | |
Phylum: | Chordata | |
Subphylum: | Vertebrata | |
Superclass: | Osteichthyes | |
Class: | Actinopterygii | |
Subclass: | Neopterygii | |
Infraclass: | Teleostei | |
Superorder: | Acanthopterygii | |
Order: | Perciformes | |
Suborder: | Gobioidei | |
Family: | Gobiidae | |
Genus: | Acanthogobius | |
Species: | flavimanus |
Synonyms
Gobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
Potentially Misidentified Species
Acanthogobius stigmothonus (Richardson, 1845), native to the South China Sea, and Gulf of Tonkin, has been considered synonymous, but is now regarded as a separate species (Froese and Puly 2018).
Eucyclogobius newberryi
Tidewater Goby, smaller (to 57 mm, spiny dorsal is clear at tip.
Gillichthys mirabilis
Lonngjaw Mudsucker (to 210 mm), gap between dorsal fins, very long jaw, and chunkier body than the Yellowfin goby.
Lepidiogobius lepidus
Bay Goby, native, smaller (to 100 mm), gap between dorsal fins, different color pattern.
Ecology
General:
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) is a coastal and estuarine fish that enters brackish and fresh water. Male fish mature after one year and females in two years at 190-233 mm length (Suzuki et al. 1989; California Fish Website 2018). Fish in freshwater move into brackish waters with salinities above 5 PSU to breed. Males excavate a Y-shaped vertical nest in mud or coarse sand. The nest consists of two tunnels, which join to form a chamber. Females attach the club-shaped eggs to the roof of the tunnel and the males fertilize and guard them. The eggs take about 28 days at 13 C to develop. The newly hatched larvae are about 4.5 mm long and are planktonic, feeding on copepods (Dotu and Mito 1955; California Fish Website 2018). The larvae migrate vertically in the water column, moving upward on incoming tides and downward on outgoing times, which favors upstream transport (Bennett et al. 2001).
Acanthogobius flavimanus is known from a wide range of marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitats. These gobies can tolerate a wide range of salinities and temperatures (at least 0-50 PSU, 7-32 C), and colonize a range of estuarine habitats, including fresh, brackish and salt marshes, lagoons and salt ponds (Brittan et al. 1970; Mejia et al. 2008; Workman et al. 2007; Williams et al. 1998). They require a salinity of at least 5 PSU to breed, but are capable of migrating long distances up rivers (Brittan et al. 1970; Workman et al. 2007). They are mostly benthic ambush feeders, feeding on benthic macroinvertebrates, including insects, crustaceans and polychaetes (Workman et al. 2007; Cohen and Bollens 2008; Howe et al. 2014). As a now-abundant fish in California estuaries, Yellowfin Gobies are a frequent prey species for larger predatory fishes (e.g. Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, Nobriga and Feyrer 2008) and for Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii).
Food:
copepods, amphipods, insects, bivalves
Consumers:
Fishes, birds
Trophic Status:
Omnivore
OmniHabitats
General Habitat | Unstructured Bottom | None |
General Habitat | Grass Bed | None |
General Habitat | Tidal Fresh Marsh | None |
General Habitat | Oyster Reef | None |
Salinity Range | Limnetic | 0-0.5 PSU |
Salinity Range | Oligohaline | 0.5-5 PSU |
Salinity Range | Mesohaline | 5-18 PSU |
Salinity Range | Polyhaline | 18-30 PSU |
Salinity Range | Euhaline | 30-40 PSU |
Salinity Range | Hyperhaline | 40+ PSU |
Tidal Range | Subtidal | None |
Vertical Habitat | Nektonic | None |
Vertical Habitat | Epibenthic | None |
Tolerances and Life History Parameters
Minimum Temperature (ºC) | 7.8 | Workman et al. 2007, lower Mokelumne River, CA. Probably tolerates lover temperatures, |
Maximum Temperature (ºC) | 31.6 | Williams et al. 1998, Sweetwater Marsh, San Diego. |
Minimum Salinity (‰) | 0 | Frequent freshwater occurrences |
Maximum Salinity (‰) | 60 | Field data, mean salinity Pond B5, Eden Landing Salt Pond complex, South San Francisco Bay (Mejia et al. 2008) |
Minimum Reproductive Salinity | 5 | Wang (1986) |
Minimum Duration | 45 | Hatching to juvenile stage |
Maximum Duration | 50 | Hatching to juvenile stage |
Maximum Length (mm) | 300 | Froese and Pauly 2014 |
Minimum Width (mm) | 190 | Suzuki et al. 1989 |
Broad Temperature Range | None | Cold temperate-Warm temperate |
Broad Salinity Range | None | Nontidal Limnetic-Hyperhaline |
General Impacts
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) has become an especially abundant estuarine fish in the San Francisco estuary and is widespread on the coast of central and southern California. It is a suspected competitor with native estuarine fishes and a predator on eggs and larvae (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999). It is prey for larger predators, including the introduced Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis, Nobriga and Feyrer 2007), and native Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii, Gibble and Harvey 2015). Several extirpations of endangered, native Tidewater Gobies (Eucyclogobius newberryi) in coastal California followed the invasion of Rainwater Killifish (Lucania parva) and Yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) (Lafferty et al. 1999).Regional Impacts
P090 | San Francisco Bay | Ecological Impact | Competition | ||
Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999). | |||||
P090 | San Francisco Bay | Ecological Impact | Predation | ||
Predation on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994) | |||||
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | Ecological Impact | Competition | ||
Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpi); (Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999; Lafferty et al. 1999). | |||||
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | Ecological Impact | Predation | ||
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Gobies) are potential predators on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species, including Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpin); Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby, endangered) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999). | |||||
P090 | San Francisco Bay | Ecological Impact | Food/Prey | ||
Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) (Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008). | |||||
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | Ecological Impact | Food/Prey | ||
Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii ((Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008). | |||||
NEP-VI | Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California | Ecological Impact | Predation | ||
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Gobies) are potential predators on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species, including Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpin); Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby, endangered) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999). | |||||
CA | California | Ecological Impact | Competition | ||
Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpi); (Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999; Lafferty et al. 1999)., Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999). | |||||
CA | California | Ecological Impact | Food/Prey | ||
Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii ((Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008)., Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) (Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008). | |||||
CA | California | Ecological Impact | Predation | ||
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Gobies) are potential predators on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species, including Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpin); Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby, endangered) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999)., Predation on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994) |
Regional Distribution Map
Bioregion | Region Name | Year | Invasion Status | Population Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
NEP-IV | Puget Sound to Northern California | 2023 | Non-native | Established |
P130 | Humboldt Bay | 2023 | Non-native | Established |
P063 | _CDA_P063 (Santa Clara) | 1994 | Non-native | Established |
P061 | _CDA_P061 (Los Angeles) | 1993 | Non-native | Established |
P060 | Santa Monica Bay | 1993 | Non-native | Established |
P030 | Mission Bay | 1992 | Non-native | Established |
P010 | Tijuana Estuary | 1990 | Non-native | Established |
P020 | San Diego Bay | 1988 | Non-native | Established |
P022 | _CDA_P022 (San Diego) | 1984 | Non-native | Established |
NEP-VI | Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California | 1978 | Non-native | Established |
P050 | San Pedro Bay | 1978 | Non-native | Established |
P045 | _CDA_P045 (Santa Ana) | 1978 | Non-native | Established |
P040 | Newport Bay | 1978 | Non-native | Established |
P110 | Tomales Bay | 1976 | Non-native | Established |
P080 | Monterey Bay | 1974 | Non-native | Established |
P112 | _CDA_P112 (Bodega Bay) | 1972 | Non-native | Established |
P095 | _CDA_P095 (Tomales-Drakes Bay) | 1967 | Non-native | Established |
P090 | San Francisco Bay | 1963 | Non-native | Established |
NEP-V | Northern California to Mid Channel Islands | 1963 | Non-native | Established |
Occurrence Map
OCC_ID | Author | Year | Date | Locality | Status | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
697389 | Brittan et al. 1963; Brittan et al. 1970 | 1963 | 1963-03-29 | Stockton Deepwater Channel, just above mouth of Calaveras River | Non-native | 37.9666 | -121.3689 |
698152 | E.H. Knaggs, pers. comm., in Haaker 1979; FishNet2 Database, 2018 | 1978 | 1978-06-26 | San Gabriel River (between the Westminster Avenue and Seventh Street bridges) | Non-native | 33.7671 | -118.0978 |
698211 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | Suisun Bay | Non-native | 38.0713 | -122.0581 | |
698837 | Brittan et al. 1963; Brittan et al. 1970 | 1963 | 1963-01-18 | San Joaquin River at Prisoner's Point, Venice Island | Non-native | 38.0600 | -121.5551 |
699493 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-03-15 | Tracy Fish Collection Facility | Non-native | 37.8167 | -121.5585 |
699835 | ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data | 2001 | 2001-09-10 | Stockton Fish 01 | Non-native | 37.9571 | -121.3529 |
700301 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-08-12 | Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8567 | -122.2992 |
700539 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1967 | Foster City Lagoon, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.5549 | -122.2725 | |
700727 | M.H. Horn (California State University, Fullerton) and L.G. Allen (University of Southern California | 1978 | 1978-04-15 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6333 | -117.8883 |
700924 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | South San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.5457 | -122.1645 | |
700964 | Kukowski 1972 | 1970 | 1970-07-17 | Elkhorn Slough, near Elkhorn Yacht Club | Non-native | 36.8129 | -121.7873 |
701707 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | Delta General Location | Non-native | 38.0500 | -121.8100 | |
701805 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-12-02 | Pine Gulch Creek (Bolinas Lagoon | Non-native | 37.9236 | -122.6877 |
702405 | J. Carlton (California Academy of Sciences) cited in Miller and Lea 1976 | 1976 | Estero Americano | Non-native | 38.3081 | -122.9845 | |
702466 | Dill and Cordone 1979 | 1966 | San Luis Reservoir | Non-native | 37.0575 | -121.1169 | |
702547 | Haaker 1979 | 1977 | 1977-09-22 | Berth 228 (Slips D and E), Los Angeles Harbor | Non-native | 33.7467 | -118.2712 |
702717 | ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data | 2001 | 2001-09-25 | Sacramento Fish 02 | Non-native | 38.5660 | -121.5514 |
702772 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | Central San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8595 | -122.3884 | |
703413 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1964 | 1964-12-01 | Salt Evaporation Ponds, Alviso | Non-native | 37.4307 | -121.9828 |
703746 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-10-29 | Lake Merritt (Oakland), San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8025 | -122.2578 |
704062 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | San Pablo Bay | Non-native | 38.0600 | -122.3900 | |
704154 | A.N. Cohen and J.T. Carlton, pers. obs., in Cohen and Carlton 1995 | 1995 | Contra Loma Reservoir | Non-native | 37.9744 | -121.8256 | |
704261 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1965 | Delta-Mendota Canal at Newman Wasteway | Non-native | 37.2910 | -121.0879 | |
704299 | J. Wintersteen, pers. comm. in Haaker 1979; FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1978 | 1978-03-29 | Long Beach Inner Harbor, near the power station | Non-native | 33.7670 | -118.2220 |
704413 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2018 | 1970 | 1970-10-01 | Walker Creek at "trestle bridge (?)" [sic] | Non-native | 38.2300 | -122.9155 |
761608 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1964 | Palo Alto Yacht Harbor | Non-native | 37.4584 | -122.1052 | |
761609 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1965 | Marin Islands, near San Rafael | Non-native | 37.9653 | -122.4711 | |
761610 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-05-26 | Plummer Creek, near Newark | Non-native | 37.5085 | -122.0694 |
761611 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-05-23 | San Rafael Channel (at mouth) | Non-native | 37.9705 | -122.4952 |
761612 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-07-22 | Plummer Creek, near Newark | Non-native | 37.5085 | -122.0694 |
761613 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-08-17 | Plummer Creek, near Newark | Non-native | 37.5085 | -122.0694 |
761614 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-08-08 | North of Richmond-San Rafael Bridge | Non-native | 37.9400 | -122.4400 |
761615 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-09-22 | Treasure Island (west of) | Non-native | 37.8200 | -122.3900 |
761616 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-09-28 | Treasure Island (east of) | Non-native | 37.8300 | -122.3400 |
761617 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-10-05 | Treasure Island (west of) | Non-native | 37.8200 | -122.3900 |
761618 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-10-12 | Treasure Island (west of) | Non-native | 37.8200 | -122.3900 |
761619 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-10-17 | Treasure Island (west of) | Non-native | 37.8200 | -122.3900 |
761620 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-10-28 | Treasure Island (east of) | Non-native | 37.8300 | -122.3400 |
761621 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-10-18 | Richardson Bay | Non-native | 37.8815 | -122.4842 |
761622 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1966 | Angel Island | Non-native | 37.8676 | -122.4363 | |
761623 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1966 | Just south of San Mateo Bridge | Non-native | 37.6025 | -122.1950 | |
761624 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1966 | Just south of San Mateo Bridge | Non-native | 37.6025 | -122.1950 | |
761625 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1966 | Just south of San Mateo Bridge | Non-native | 37.6025 | -122.1950 | |
761626 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1966 | Just south of Dumbarton Bridge | Non-native | 37.5054 | -122.1157 | |
761627 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-11-01 | Treasure Island (west of) | Non-native | 37.8200 | -122.3900 |
761628 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-05-23 | Mouth of San Rafael Channel | Non-native | 37.9677 | -122.4865 |
761629 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1966 | Napa Slough | Non-native | 38.1616 | -122.3888 | |
761630 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1966 | 1966-11-01 | Carquinez Strait, at foot of First Street | Non-native | 38.0440 | -122.1627 |
761631 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1966 | San Joaquin River at Antioch | Non-native | 38.0172 | -121.8078 | |
761632 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1967 | 1967-01-25 | Between Angel and Treasure Islands | Non-native | 37.8385 | -122.3998 |
761633 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-02-03 | Treasure Island (west of) | Non-native | 37.8200 | -122.3900 |
761634 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-02-08 | San Rafael Bay | Non-native | 37.9639 | -122.4764 |
761635 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1967 | Suisun Bay | Non-native | 38.0713 | -122.0581 | |
761636 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1967 | Montezuma Slough | Non-native | 38.1797 | -122.0029 | |
761637 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-11-15 | Belvedere Lagoon, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8787 | -122.4666 |
761638 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-09-25 | Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8567 | -122.2992 |
761639 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-03-20 | Paradise Cay | Non-native | 37.9146 | -122.4776 |
761640 | Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1967 | 1967-03-22 | Paradise Cay | Non-native | 37.9146 | -122.4776 |
761641 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1967 | San Luis Reservoir | Non-native | 37.0575 | -121.1169 | |
761642 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1968 | 1968-04-10 | Richardson Bay, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8815 | -122.4842 |
761643 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | Snodgrass Slough | Non-native | 38.2445 | -121.4967 | |
761644 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | Sacramento Deepwater Ship Channel | Non-native | 38.5581 | -121.5705 | |
761645 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1968 | San Pablo Bay, off Napa Slough | Non-native | 38.1429 | -121.3958 | |
761646 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1969 | Bair Island | Non-native | 37.5334 | -122.2183 | |
761647 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1970 | 1970-01-26 | Berkeley Pier, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8607 | -122.3238 |
761648 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1970 | 1970-03-08 | About 1 mile north of the end of Berkeley Pier | Non-native | 37.8732 | -121.3286 |
761649 | Brittan et al. 1970 | 1970 | Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8567 | -122.2992 | |
761650 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1970 | 1970-04-27 | San Rafael Bay | Non-native | 37.9639 | -122.4764 |
761651 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1970 | 1970-07-13 | San Rafael Channel (at mouth) | Non-native | 37.9705 | -122.4952 |
761652 | Kukowski 1972 | 1971 | 1971-07-13 | Bennett Slough | Non-native | 36.8192 | -121.7862 |
761653 | Kukowski 1972 | 1971 | 1971-10-08 | Elkhorn Slough, near Kirby Park | Non-native | 36.8398 | -121.7435 |
761654 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1973 | 1973-01-16 | Belvedere Lagoon, San Francisco Bay | Non-native | 37.8787 | -122.4666 |
761655 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1973 | 1973-01-26 | Tracy Fish Collection Facility | Non-native | 37.8167 | -121.5585 |
761656 | M.H. Horn (California State University, Fullerton) and L.G. Allen (University of Southern California | 1978 | 1978-05-04 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6333 | -117.8883 |
761657 | M.H. Horn (California State University, Fullerton) and L.G. Allen (University of Southern California | 1978 | 1978-05-14 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6333 | -117.8883 |
761658 | E.H. Knaggs, pers. comm., in Haaker 1979 | 1978 | 1978-07-31 | Rainbow Lagoon | Non-native | 33.7631 | -118.1914 |
761659 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1978 | 1978-08-08 | Station F4-1(1)N, Gulf of the Farallones | Non-native | 37.6667 | -122.5219 |
761660 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1978 | 1978-08-19 | Sacramento River at confluence with Cache Slough | Non-native | 38.1769 | -121.6667 |
761661 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 1980 | 1980-08-18 | Red Rock Marina (former site) | Non-native | 37.9366 | -122.4135 |
761662 | Williams et al. 1998b | 1990 | Tijuana River Estuary | Non-native | 32.5667 | -117.1314 | |
761663 | Williams et al. 1998b | 1998 | Tijuana River Estuary | Non-native | 32.5667 | -117.1314 | |
761664 | Williams et al. 1998b | 1999 | Tijuana River Estuary | Non-native | 32.5667 | -117.1314 | |
761665 | Williams et al. 1998b | 1989 | Los Penasquitos Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9316 | -117.2531 | |
761666 | Williams et al. 1998b | 1993 | Los Penasquitos Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9316 | -117.2531 | |
761667 | Williams et al. 1998b | 1994 | Los Penasquitos Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9316 | -117.2531 | |
761668 | Williams et al. 1998b; Williams et al. 2001 | 1998 | Los Penasquitos Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9316 | -117.2531 | |
761669 | Williams et al. 1998b; Williams et al. 2001 | 1999 | Los Penasquitos Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9316 | -117.2531 | |
761670 | Williams et al. 1998b; Williams et al. 2001 | 1999 | Los Penasquitos Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9316 | -117.2531 | |
761671 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 2002 | 2002-01-10 | Upper-Mid-South San Francisco Bay, between Hunter's Point and Alameda | Non-native | 37.7244 | -122.3036 |
761672 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 | 2012 | 2012-08-01 | Sacramento River, at the confluence with Cache Slough | Non-native | 38.1770 | -121.6670 |
761673 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1984 | 1984-02-10 | San Dieguito River | Non-native | 32.9711 | -117.2626 |
761674 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1984 | 1984-09-08 | Mission Bay | Non-native | 32.7791 | -117.2288 |
761675 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1986 | 1986-08-12 | Los Angeles Harbor, just outside Fish Harbor | Non-native | 33.7332 | -118.2662 |
761676 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1986 | 1986-10-14 | Los Angeles Harbor, just outside Fish Harbor | Non-native | 33.7332 | -118.2662 |
761677 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 2003 | 2003-06-13 | Mission Bay, off Fiesta Island | Non-native | 32.7793 | -117.2241 |
761678 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 2003 | 2003-09-21 | La Jolla Canyon | Non-native | 32.8566 | -117.2600 |
761679 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 2003 | 2003-11-19 | Mouth of San Elijo Lagoon | Non-native | 33.0161 | -117.2823 |
761680 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 2010 | 2010-08-05 | Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve | Non-native | 36.8117 | -121.7883 |
761681 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1973 | 1973-06-02 | Elkhorn Slough, W side of West Arm | Non-native | 36.8117 | -121.7883 |
761682 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1984 | 1984-05-13 | San Dieguito River | Non-native | 32.9698 | -117.2607 |
761683 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1984 | 1984-06-02 | San Dieguito Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9711 | -117.2626 |
761684 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1986 | 1986-10-14 | Los Penasquitos Lagoon | Non-native | 32.9341 | -117.2564 |
761685 | San Diego Unified Port District 1990, cited in Williams et al. 1998 | 1988 | San Diego Bay | Non-native | 32.6717 | -117.1439 | |
761686 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1989 | 1989-04-01 | E Street Marsh at Vener Pond Culvert, Sweetwater Marsh Complex | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1077 |
761687 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1991 | 1991-09-23 | Mission Bay, near Bahia Hotel | Non-native | 32.7727 | -117.2472 |
761688 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1996 | 1996-07-11 | Connector Marsh, Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6545 | -117.1089 |
761689 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1996 | 1996-01-30 | San Diego Bay | Non-native | 32.6717 | -117.1439 |
761690 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1998 | 1998-04-19 | Kendall-Frost Marsh Reserve, Mission Bay | Non-native | 32.7927 | -117.2293 |
761691 | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 | 1998 | 1998-07-16 | Kendall-Frost Marsh Reserve, Mission Bay | Non-native | 32.7927 | -117.2293 |
761692 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1989 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761693 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1989 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761694 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1990 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761695 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1990 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761696 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1990 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761697 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1990 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761698 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1991 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761699 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1992 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761700 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1993 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761701 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1994 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761702 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1995 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761703 | Williams et al. 1998a | 1996 | Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge | Non-native | 32.6394 | -117.1075 | |
761704 | Larkin et al. 2008 | 2000 | Friendship Marsh, Tijuana Estuary | Non-native | 32.5459 | -117.1211 | |
761705 | Valle et al. 1999 | 1990 | Alamitos Bay, General Location | Non-native | 33.7502 | -118.1185 | |
761706 | Cohen and Bollens 2008 | 2004 | Bull Island (off Napa River) | Non-native | 38.2175 | -122.3047 | |
761707 | Cohen and Bollens 2008 | 2004 | Coon Island (off Napa River) | Non-native | 38.1933 | -122.3192 | |
761708 | Cohen and Bollens 2008 | 2004 | Pond 2A (off Napa River) | Non-native | 38.1525 | -122.3194 | |
761709 | Cohen and Bollens 2008 | 2005 | Bull Island (off Napa River) | Non-native | 38.2175 | -122.3047 | |
761710 | Cohen and Bollens 2008 | 2005 | Coon Island (off Napa River) | Non-native | 38.1933 | -122.3192 | |
761711 | Cohen and Bollens 2008 | 2005 | Pond 2A (off Napa River) | Non-native | 38.1525 | -122.3194 | |
761712 | California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014; FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1972 | 1972-10-19 | Estero Americano | Non-native | 38.2982 | -122.9995 |
761713 | Neilson and Wilson 2005 | 2002 | Bolsa Chica | Non-native | 33.6996 | -118.0382 | |
761714 | Neilson and Wilson 2005 | 2003 | Bolsa Chica | Non-native | 33.6996 | -118.0382 | |
761715 | Neilson and Wilson 2005 | 2002 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6333 | -117.8883 | |
761716 | Neilson and Wilson 2005 | 2003 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6333 | -117.8883 | |
761717 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-07-27 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6206 | -117.8984 |
761718 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-10-05 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6206 | -117.8984 |
761719 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-06-29 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6206 | -117.8984 |
761720 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-08-08 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6206 | -117.8984 |
761721 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-07-27 | Upper Newport Bay, Station 3 | Non-native | 33.6264 | -117.8883 |
761722 | Swift et al. 1993; FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1986 | 1986-09-11 | Mugu Lagoon, downstream of Laguna Road Bridge | Non-native | 34.1022 | -119.1050 |
761723 | Swift et al. 1993; FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-07-16 | Ballona Marsh | Non-native | 33.9714 | -118.4392 |
761724 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1979 | 1979-06-30 | Anaheim Bay, opposite Huntington Harbour | Non-native | 33.7342 | -118.0915 |
761725 | Horn and Allen 1981 | 1979 | Upper Newport Bay, Station 3 | Non-native | 33.6264 | -117.8883 | |
761726 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1972 | 1972-11-23 | Carquinez Strait, at Benicia | Non-native | 38.0433 | -122.1625 |
761727 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-08-13 | Ballona Marsh | Non-native | 33.9714 | -118.4392 |
761728 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1981 | 1981-03-13 | Ballona Marsh | Non-native | 33.9714 | -118.4392 |
761729 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1981 | 1981-04-14 | Ballona Marsh | Non-native | 33.9714 | -118.4392 |
761730 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1981 | 1981-05-13 | Ballona Marsh | Non-native | 33.9714 | -118.4392 |
761731 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-01-30 | Upper Newport Bay | Non-native | 33.6206 | -117.8984 |
761732 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-06-24 | Upper Newport Bay, Station 3 | Non-native | 33.6447 | -117.8871 |
761733 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1981 | 1981-06-10 | West Berkeley, 300 meters W of Bayshore Freeway | Non-native | 37.8917 | -122.3167 |
761734 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1981 | 1981-06-10 | Southampton Marsh | Non-native | 38.0764 | -122.1933 |
761735 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1982 | 1982-08-31 | Carquinez Strait | Non-native | 38.0486 | -122.1694 |
761736 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 2003 | 2003-06-24 | Near Mouth of San Luis Rey River | Non-native | 33.2081 | -117.3823 |
761737 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 2004 | 2004-05-17 | San Mateo Lagoon | Non-native | 33.3875 | -117.5923 |
761738 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 2004 | 2004-06-28 | San Mateo Lagoon | Non-native | 33.3873 | -117.5927 |
761739 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 2004 | 2004-07-14 | San Mateo Lagoon | Non-native | 33.3875 | -117.5923 |
761740 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1998 | 1998-09-01 | Santa Margarita River Lagoon | Non-native | 33.2357 | -117.8613 |
761741 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1997 | 1997-08-23 | Lower San Diego Creek at Highway 73 | Non-native | 33.6514 | -117.8620 |
761742 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 2010 | 2010-04-27 | Oxford Retention Basin | Non-native | 33.9854 | -118.4552 |
761743 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1998 | 1998-09-02 | Marina del Rey | Non-native | 33.9817 | -118.4483 |
761744 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1998 | 1998-07-23 | Golden Shore Marine Ecological Reserve | Non-native | 33.7640 | -118.2026 |
761745 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1981 | 1981-06-12 | Montezuma Slough Complex | Non-native | 38.1808 | -122.0407 |
761746 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1971 | John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility | Non-native | 37.8257 | -121.5957 | |
761747 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1967 | 1967-06-17 | Napa River | Non-native | 38.2801 | -122.2841 |
761748 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1967 | 1967-06-28 | Carquinez Strait at Benicia | Non-native | 38.0490 | -122.1648 |
761749 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1967 | 1967-10-03 | Carquinez Strait, 1 mile W of old State Capitol | Non-native | 38.0506 | -122.1766 |
761750 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1966 | 1966-01-23 | Carquinez Strait, off Benicia | Non-native | 38.0424 | -122.1574 |
761751 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1980 | 1980-10-14 | Upper Newport Bay, by Shellmaker Island | Non-native | 33.6238 | -117.8887 |
761752 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1974 | Tomales Bay (General Location) | Non-native | 38.1664 | -122.9080 | |
761753 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1987 | 1987-09-19 | Georgiana Slough [near River Mile 11.5] | Non-native | 38.2301 | -121.5234 |
761754 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1993 | 1993-07-30 | Sweetwater Marsh (General Location) | Non-native | 32.6430 | -117.1100 |
761755 | FishNet2 Database 2018 | 1985 | 1985-06-25 | Tomales Bay at Nick's Cove | Non-native | 38.1995 | -122.9212 |
761756 | Swift et al. 1993 | 1993 | Lower San Diego Creek (tributary to Newport Bay) | Non-native | 33.6516 | -117.8609 | |
761757 | Swift et al. 1993 | 1993 | San Mateo Lagoon | Non-native | 33.3871 | -117.5932 | |
761758 | Mejia et al. 2008 | 2004 | Alviso Salt Pond Complex (General Location) | Non-native | 37.4406 | -122.0232 | |
761759 | Mejia et al. 2008 | 2004 | Stevens Creek | Non-native | 37.4445 | -122.0649 | |
761760 | Mejia et al. 2008 | 2004 | Alviso Slough | Non-native | 37.4601 | -122.0220 | |
761761 | Mejia et al. 2008 | 2004 | Coyote Creek | Non-native | 37.4631 | -121.9883 | |
761762 | Mejia et al. 2008 | 2004 | Eden Landing Salt Pond Complex (General Location) | Non-native | 37.5848 | -122.1164 | |
761763 | Mejia et al. 2008 | 2004 | Coyote Hills Slough | Non-native | 37.5939 | -122.1429 | |
761764 | Mejia et al. 2008 | 2004 | Old Alameda Flood Control Channel | Non-native | 37.5650 | -122.1295 | |
761765 | Allen et al. 2002 | 1990 | Station 2, San Diego Bay | Non-native | 32.6880 | -117.1632 | |
761766 | Allen et al. 2002 | 1990 | Station 3, San Diego Bay | Non-native | 32.6514 | -117.1417 | |
761767 | Allen et al. 2002 | 1990 | Station 4, San Diego Bay | Non-native | 32.6138 | -117.1220 |
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