Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1963
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1963
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

General Invasion History:

Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) is a coastal and estuarine fish native to the Northwest Pacific. Its native range extents from Peter the Great Bay, Russia, to Kyushu, Japan (Golikov et al. 1976; Froese and Pauly 2018). This fish enters brackish and fresh water, but requires a salinity of at least 5 PSU for successful development. In 1963, two specimens of A. flavimanus were collected in fresh water in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Brittan et al. 1963). By 1970 the Yellowfin Goby was widespread and abundant in the entire bay and estuary, and in reservoirs connected to the Delta by canals but located far inland (Brittan 1970). Currently, this fish ranges from Bodega Bay to San Diego (Williams et al. 1008; USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018). In 1971, A. flavimanus was collected in Sydney, Australia, and later spread to Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, and South Australia (Hoese 1973; Lockett and Gomo 1999; Lockett and Gomon 2001). This fish has probably been transported by ships' ballast water, though some authors have proposed eggs in fouling or oysters as possible vectors (Brittan et al. 1963; Haaker 1979; Middleton 1983; Lockett and Gomon 2001).

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

Acanthogobius flavimanus was first collected was first collected at Prisoners Point, Venice Island, in the San Joaquin River on January 18, 1963. Another specimen was caught in the Stockton Deepwater Channel on March 29, 1963. Both of these collections were made in tidal freshwater in the San Francisco estuary Delta (Brittan et al. 1963). By 1968, A. flavimanus had been collected through most of the San Francisco estuary from Richardson Bay, near the Golden Gate, throughout the South and San Pablo Bays to the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, to the ports of Sacramento and Stockton. Remarkably, large numbers of dead Yellowfin Gobies were found in the San Luis Reservoir in 1967, which is 100 miles southeast of San Francisco. This reservoir receives freshwater through the O'Neill Forebay, which receives water from the Delta through the California Aqueduct and from the Delta-Mendota Canal. The fish were killed by an anoxic event in the reservoir. Also in 1967, one fish was caught in a tributary creek of the Bolinas Lagoon, which is a separate estuary about 15 miles north of the Golden Gate (Brittan et al. 1970). Acanthogobius flavimanus was collected in Tomales Bay in 1970, Estero Americano in Bodega Bay in 1972, and Elkhorn Slough in 1972 (USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018).

On September 22, 1977 an individual A. flavimanus was photographed in Los Angeles Harbor, and on March 29, 1978 a specimen was collected in Long Beach Harbor. In 1978, more specimens were collected in Newport Beach, the San Gabriel River, and the Long Beach Swimming Lagoon, near the mouth of Los Angeles Harbor (Haaker 1979). The Yellowfin Goby has spread north and south to other southern California estuaries, reaching the San Dieguito River (1984), San Diego Bay (1988), Los Penasquitos Lagoon (1989), and the Tijuana Estuary in 1990 (Williams et al. 1998; Williams et al. 2001), Santa Margarita River (1998, (USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018) and Ballona Marsh and Mugu Lagoon, near Los Angeles (Swift et al. 1993). Based on their genetic differences, the southern California and Northern California-San Francisco Bay populations are suspected of being separate introductions (Nielson and Wilson 2005; Hirase et al. 2017). The San Francisco Bay population was most similar to fish from Tokyo Bay, but the origin of the southern population was not clear (Hirase et al. 2017).

Invasion History Elsewhere in the World:

In 1971, a specimen of Acanthogobius flavimanus was collected in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales. By 1973, 17 fish had been collected (1971, Hoese 1973). This Goby was found in two locations in New South Wales in the late 1970s, Botany Bay and the Hawkesbury River, in Newcastle (Middleton 1982; Lockett and Gomon 2001). In 1990, it was collected in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, and was found to be established in the northern part of Bay (Lockett and Gomon 2001). It has not undergone the rapid geographical and population expansion noted in California, perhaps because of warmer temperatures (Lockett and Gomon 2001), and/or of low genetic diversity (Hirase 2017).


Description

Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) is a coastal and estuarine fish that enters brackish and fresh water. It has the typical features of the family Gobiidae, including the two pelvic fins united to form a conical sucking disk, two dorsal fins (the anterior fin is spiny and the posterior one is soft), and eyes near the top of the head. The dorsal fins have eight contiguous spines and 14 rays. The lateral line is not noticeable. Scales are large, with about 55 to 65 in the mid-lateral series. The anal fin is about equal in length to the soft dorsal fin, with 11-12 rays. The body is somewhat elongated, rounded anteriorly, and laterally compressed posteriorly. The head is about 30% of body length. The maxillae almost reach the midpoint of the eyes. The body is light brown, with five to seven diffuse, dusky dark-brown patches along each side. The dorsal fins are speckled with dark brown dots. There are about ten dark zigzag bands on the caudal fin. Yellowfin gobies reach 250 and occasionally 300 mm (Miller and Lee 1972; Golikov et al. 1976; Eschmeyer and Herald 1983; Froese and Pauly 2018; California Fish Website 2018).


Taxonomy

Taxonomic Tree

Kingdom:   Animalia
Phylum:   Chordata
Subphylum:   Vertebrata
Superclass:   Osteichthyes
Class:   Actinopterygii
Subclass:   Neopterygii
Infraclass:   Teleostei
Superorder:   Acanthopterygii
Order:   Perciformes
Suborder:   Gobioidei
Family:   Gobiidae
Genus:   Acanthogobius
Species:   flavimanus

Synonyms

Aboma snyderi (Jordan & Fowler, 1902)
Gobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)

Potentially Misidentified Species

Acanthogobius stigmothonus (Richardson, 1845)
Acanthogobius stigmothonus (Richardson, 1845), native to the South China Sea, and Gulf of Tonkin, has been considered synonymous, but is now regarded as a separate species (Froese and Puly 2018).

Eucyclogobius newberryi
Tidewater Goby, smaller (to 57 mm, spiny dorsal is clear at tip.

Gillichthys mirabilis
Lonngjaw Mudsucker (to 210 mm), gap between dorsal fins, very long jaw, and chunkier body than the Yellowfin goby.

Lepidiogobius lepidus
Bay Goby, native, smaller (to 100 mm), gap between dorsal fins, different color pattern.

Ecology

General:

Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) is a coastal and estuarine fish that enters brackish and fresh water. Male fish mature after one year and females in two years at 190-233 mm length (Suzuki et al. 1989; California Fish Website 2018). Fish in freshwater move into brackish waters with salinities above 5 PSU to breed. Males excavate a Y-shaped vertical nest in mud or coarse sand. The nest consists of two tunnels, which join to form a chamber. Females attach the club-shaped eggs to the roof of the tunnel and the males fertilize and guard them. The eggs take about 28 days at 13 C to develop. The newly hatched larvae are about 4.5 mm long and are planktonic, feeding on copepods (Dotu and Mito 1955; California Fish Website 2018). The larvae migrate vertically in the water column, moving upward on incoming tides and downward on outgoing times, which favors upstream transport (Bennett et al. 2001).

Acanthogobius flavimanus is known from a wide range of marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitats. These gobies can
 tolerate a wide range of salinities and temperatures (at least 0-50 PSU, 7-32 C), and colonize a range of estuarine habitats, including fresh, brackish and salt marshes, lagoons and salt ponds (Brittan et al. 1970; Mejia et al. 2008; Workman et al. 2007; Williams et al. 1998). They require a salinity of at least 5 PSU to breed, but are capable of migrating long distances up rivers (Brittan et al. 1970; Workman et al. 2007).  They are mostly benthic ambush feeders, feeding on benthic macroinvertebrates, including insects, crustaceans and polychaetes (Workman et al. 2007; Cohen and Bollens 2008; Howe et al. 2014). As a now-abundant fish in California estuaries, Yellowfin Gobies are a frequent prey species for larger predatory fishes (e.g. Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, Nobriga and Feyrer 2008) and for Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii).

Food:

copepods, amphipods, insects, bivalves

Consumers:

Fishes, birds

Trophic Status:

Omnivore

Omni

Habitats

General HabitatUnstructured BottomNone
General HabitatGrass BedNone
General HabitatTidal Fresh MarshNone
General HabitatOyster ReefNone
Salinity RangeLimnetic0-0.5 PSU
Salinity RangeOligohaline0.5-5 PSU
Salinity RangeMesohaline5-18 PSU
Salinity RangePolyhaline18-30 PSU
Salinity RangeEuhaline30-40 PSU
Salinity RangeHyperhaline40+ PSU
Tidal RangeSubtidalNone
Vertical HabitatNektonicNone
Vertical HabitatEpibenthicNone


Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Temperature (ºC)7.8Workman et al. 2007, lower Mokelumne River, CA. Probably tolerates lover temperatures,
Maximum Temperature (ºC)31.6Williams et al. 1998, Sweetwater Marsh, San Diego.
Minimum Salinity (‰)0Frequent freshwater occurrences
Maximum Salinity (‰)60Field data, mean salinity Pond B5, Eden Landing Salt Pond complex, South San Francisco Bay (Mejia et al. 2008)
Minimum Reproductive Salinity5Wang (1986)
Minimum Duration45Hatching to juvenile stage
Maximum Duration50Hatching to juvenile stage
Maximum Length (mm)300Froese and Pauly 2014
Minimum Width (mm)190Suzuki et al. 1989
Broad Temperature RangeNoneCold temperate-Warm temperate
Broad Salinity RangeNoneNontidal Limnetic-Hyperhaline

General Impacts

Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Goby) has become an especially abundant estuarine fish in the San Francisco estuary and is widespread on the coast of central and southern California. It is a suspected competitor with native estuarine fishes and a predator on eggs and larvae (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999). It is prey for larger predators, including the introduced Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis, Nobriga and Feyrer 2007), and native Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii, Gibble and Harvey 2015). Several extirpations of endangered, native Tidewater Gobies (Eucyclogobius newberryi) in coastal California followed the invasion of Rainwater Killifish (Lucania parva) and Yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) (Lafferty et al. 1999).

Regional Impacts

P090San Francisco BayEcological ImpactCompetition
Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999).
P090San Francisco BayEcological ImpactPredation
Predation on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994)
NEP-VNorthern California to Mid Channel IslandsEcological ImpactCompetition
Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpi); (Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999; Lafferty et al. 1999).
NEP-VNorthern California to Mid Channel IslandsEcological ImpactPredation
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Gobies) are potential predators on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species, including Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpin); Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby, endangered) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999).
P090San Francisco BayEcological ImpactFood/Prey
Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) (Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008).
NEP-VNorthern California to Mid Channel IslandsEcological ImpactFood/Prey
Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii ((Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008).
NEP-VIPt. Conception to Southern Baja CaliforniaEcological ImpactPredation
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Gobies) are potential predators on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species, including Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpin); Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby, endangered) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999).
CACaliforniaEcological ImpactCompetition
Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpi); (Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999; Lafferty et al. 1999)., Competition with native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) and introduced species (Tridentiger bifasciatus- Shimofuri Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Fuller et al. 1999).
CACaliforniaEcological ImpactFood/Prey
Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii ((Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008)., Acanthogobius flavimanus was the most frequent food item of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) (Gibble and Harvey 2015) in San Francisco Bay. It was the most frequent fish prey of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) there, in 2003 (Nobriga and Feyrer 2008).
CACaliforniaEcological ImpactPredation
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Yellowfin Gobies) are potential predators on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species, including Leptocottus armatus (Staghorn Sculpin); Eucyclogobius newberryi (Tidewater Goby, endangered) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994; Lafferty et al. 1999)., Predation on eggs, larvae and juveniles of native species (Leptocottus armatus- Staghorn Sculpin; (Eucyclogobius newberryi- Tidewater Goby) is suspected (Meng et al. 1994)

Regional Distribution Map

Bioregion Region Name Year Invasion Status Population Status
NEP-IV Puget Sound to Northern California 2023 Non-native Established
P130 Humboldt Bay 2023 Non-native Established
P063 _CDA_P063 (Santa Clara) 1994 Non-native Established
P061 _CDA_P061 (Los Angeles) 1993 Non-native Established
P060 Santa Monica Bay 1993 Non-native Established
P030 Mission Bay 1992 Non-native Established
P010 Tijuana Estuary 1990 Non-native Established
P020 San Diego Bay 1988 Non-native Established
P022 _CDA_P022 (San Diego) 1984 Non-native Established
NEP-VI Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California 1978 Non-native Established
P050 San Pedro Bay 1978 Non-native Established
P045 _CDA_P045 (Santa Ana) 1978 Non-native Established
P040 Newport Bay 1978 Non-native Established
P110 Tomales Bay 1976 Non-native Established
P080 Monterey Bay 1974 Non-native Established
P112 _CDA_P112 (Bodega Bay) 1972 Non-native Established
P095 _CDA_P095 (Tomales-Drakes Bay) 1967 Non-native Established
P090 San Francisco Bay 1963 Non-native Established
NEP-V Northern California to Mid Channel Islands 1963 Non-native Established

Occurrence Map

OCC_ID Author Year Date Locality Status Latitude Longitude
697389 Brittan et al. 1963; Brittan et al. 1970 1963 1963-03-29 Stockton Deepwater Channel, just above mouth of Calaveras River Non-native 37.9666 -121.3689
698152 E.H. Knaggs, pers. comm., in Haaker 1979; FishNet2 Database, 2018 1978 1978-06-26 San Gabriel River (between the Westminster Avenue and Seventh Street bridges) Non-native 33.7671 -118.0978
698211 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 Suisun Bay Non-native 38.0713 -122.0581
698837 Brittan et al. 1963; Brittan et al. 1970 1963 1963-01-18 San Joaquin River at Prisoner's Point, Venice Island Non-native 38.0600 -121.5551
699493 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-03-15 Tracy Fish Collection Facility Non-native 37.8167 -121.5585
699835 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-10 Stockton Fish 01 Non-native 37.9571 -121.3529
700301 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-08-12 Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8567 -122.2992
700539 Brittan et al. 1970 1967 Foster City Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5549 -122.2725
700727 M.H. Horn (California State University, Fullerton) and L.G. Allen (University of Southern California 1978 1978-04-15 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6333 -117.8883
700924 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 South San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5457 -122.1645
700964 Kukowski 1972 1970 1970-07-17 Elkhorn Slough, near Elkhorn Yacht Club Non-native 36.8129 -121.7873
701707 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 Delta General Location Non-native 38.0500 -121.8100
701805 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-12-02 Pine Gulch Creek (Bolinas Lagoon Non-native 37.9236 -122.6877
702405 J. Carlton (California Academy of Sciences) cited in Miller and Lea 1976 1976 Estero Americano Non-native 38.3081 -122.9845
702466 Dill and Cordone 1979 1966 San Luis Reservoir Non-native 37.0575 -121.1169
702547 Haaker 1979 1977 1977-09-22 Berth 228 (Slips D and E), Los Angeles Harbor Non-native 33.7467 -118.2712
702717 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-25 Sacramento Fish 02 Non-native 38.5660 -121.5514
702772 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 Central San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8595 -122.3884
703413 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1964 1964-12-01 Salt Evaporation Ponds, Alviso Non-native 37.4307 -121.9828
703746 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-10-29 Lake Merritt (Oakland), San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8025 -122.2578
704062 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 San Pablo Bay Non-native 38.0600 -122.3900
704154 A.N. Cohen and J.T. Carlton, pers. obs., in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 Contra Loma Reservoir Non-native 37.9744 -121.8256
704261 Brittan et al. 1970 1965 Delta-Mendota Canal at Newman Wasteway Non-native 37.2910 -121.0879
704299 J. Wintersteen, pers. comm. in Haaker 1979; FishNet2 Database 2018 1978 1978-03-29 Long Beach Inner Harbor, near the power station Non-native 33.7670 -118.2220
704413 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2018 1970 1970-10-01 Walker Creek at "trestle bridge (?)" [sic] Non-native 38.2300 -122.9155
761608 Brittan et al. 1970 1964 Palo Alto Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.4584 -122.1052
761609 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1965 Marin Islands, near San Rafael Non-native 37.9653 -122.4711
761610 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-05-26 Plummer Creek, near Newark Non-native 37.5085 -122.0694
761611 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-05-23 San Rafael Channel (at mouth) Non-native 37.9705 -122.4952
761612 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-07-22 Plummer Creek, near Newark Non-native 37.5085 -122.0694
761613 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-08-17 Plummer Creek, near Newark Non-native 37.5085 -122.0694
761614 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-08-08 North of Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Non-native 37.9400 -122.4400
761615 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-09-22 Treasure Island (west of) Non-native 37.8200 -122.3900
761616 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-09-28 Treasure Island (east of) Non-native 37.8300 -122.3400
761617 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-10-05 Treasure Island (west of) Non-native 37.8200 -122.3900
761618 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-10-12 Treasure Island (west of) Non-native 37.8200 -122.3900
761619 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-10-17 Treasure Island (west of) Non-native 37.8200 -122.3900
761620 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-10-28 Treasure Island (east of) Non-native 37.8300 -122.3400
761621 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-10-18 Richardson Bay Non-native 37.8815 -122.4842
761622 Brittan et al. 1970 1966 Angel Island Non-native 37.8676 -122.4363
761623 Brittan et al. 1970 1966 Just south of San Mateo Bridge Non-native 37.6025 -122.1950
761624 Brittan et al. 1970 1966 Just south of San Mateo Bridge Non-native 37.6025 -122.1950
761625 Brittan et al. 1970 1966 Just south of San Mateo Bridge Non-native 37.6025 -122.1950
761626 Brittan et al. 1970 1966 Just south of Dumbarton Bridge Non-native 37.5054 -122.1157
761627 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-11-01 Treasure Island (west of) Non-native 37.8200 -122.3900
761628 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-05-23 Mouth of San Rafael Channel Non-native 37.9677 -122.4865
761629 Brittan et al. 1970 1966 Napa Slough Non-native 38.1616 -122.3888
761630 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1966 1966-11-01 Carquinez Strait, at foot of First Street Non-native 38.0440 -122.1627
761631 Brittan et al. 1970 1966 San Joaquin River at Antioch Non-native 38.0172 -121.8078
761632 Brittan et al. 1970 1967 1967-01-25 Between Angel and Treasure Islands Non-native 37.8385 -122.3998
761633 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-02-03 Treasure Island (west of) Non-native 37.8200 -122.3900
761634 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-02-08 San Rafael Bay Non-native 37.9639 -122.4764
761635 Brittan et al. 1970 1967 Suisun Bay Non-native 38.0713 -122.0581
761636 Brittan et al. 1970 1967 Montezuma Slough Non-native 38.1797 -122.0029
761637 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-11-15 Belvedere Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8787 -122.4666
761638 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-09-25 Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8567 -122.2992
761639 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-03-20 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
761640 Brittan et al. 1970; California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1967 1967-03-22 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
761641 Brittan et al. 1970 1967 San Luis Reservoir Non-native 37.0575 -121.1169
761642 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1968 1968-04-10 Richardson Bay, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8815 -122.4842
761643 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 Snodgrass Slough Non-native 38.2445 -121.4967
761644 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 Sacramento Deepwater Ship Channel Non-native 38.5581 -121.5705
761645 Brittan et al. 1970 1968 San Pablo Bay, off Napa Slough Non-native 38.1429 -121.3958
761646 Brittan et al. 1970 1969 Bair Island Non-native 37.5334 -122.2183
761647 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1970 1970-01-26 Berkeley Pier, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8607 -122.3238
761648 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1970 1970-03-08 About 1 mile north of the end of Berkeley Pier Non-native 37.8732 -121.3286
761649 Brittan et al. 1970 1970 Berkeley Aquatic Park Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8567 -122.2992
761650 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1970 1970-04-27 San Rafael Bay Non-native 37.9639 -122.4764
761651 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1970 1970-07-13 San Rafael Channel (at mouth) Non-native 37.9705 -122.4952
761652 Kukowski 1972 1971 1971-07-13 Bennett Slough Non-native 36.8192 -121.7862
761653 Kukowski 1972 1971 1971-10-08 Elkhorn Slough, near Kirby Park Non-native 36.8398 -121.7435
761654 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1973 1973-01-16 Belvedere Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8787 -122.4666
761655 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1973 1973-01-26 Tracy Fish Collection Facility Non-native 37.8167 -121.5585
761656 M.H. Horn (California State University, Fullerton) and L.G. Allen (University of Southern California 1978 1978-05-04 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6333 -117.8883
761657 M.H. Horn (California State University, Fullerton) and L.G. Allen (University of Southern California 1978 1978-05-14 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6333 -117.8883
761658 E.H. Knaggs, pers. comm., in Haaker 1979 1978 1978-07-31 Rainbow Lagoon Non-native 33.7631 -118.1914
761659 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1978 1978-08-08 Station F4-1(1)N, Gulf of the Farallones Non-native 37.6667 -122.5219
761660 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1978 1978-08-19 Sacramento River at confluence with Cache Slough Non-native 38.1769 -121.6667
761661 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 1980 1980-08-18 Red Rock Marina (former site) Non-native 37.9366 -122.4135
761662 Williams et al. 1998b 1990 Tijuana River Estuary Non-native 32.5667 -117.1314
761663 Williams et al. 1998b 1998 Tijuana River Estuary Non-native 32.5667 -117.1314
761664 Williams et al. 1998b 1999 Tijuana River Estuary Non-native 32.5667 -117.1314
761665 Williams et al. 1998b 1989 Los Penasquitos Lagoon Non-native 32.9316 -117.2531
761666 Williams et al. 1998b 1993 Los Penasquitos Lagoon Non-native 32.9316 -117.2531
761667 Williams et al. 1998b 1994 Los Penasquitos Lagoon Non-native 32.9316 -117.2531
761668 Williams et al. 1998b; Williams et al. 2001 1998 Los Penasquitos Lagoon Non-native 32.9316 -117.2531
761669 Williams et al. 1998b; Williams et al. 2001 1999 Los Penasquitos Lagoon Non-native 32.9316 -117.2531
761670 Williams et al. 1998b; Williams et al. 2001 1999 Los Penasquitos Lagoon Non-native 32.9316 -117.2531
761671 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 2002 2002-01-10 Upper-Mid-South San Francisco Bay, between Hunter's Point and Alameda Non-native 37.7244 -122.3036
761672 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014 2012 2012-08-01 Sacramento River, at the confluence with Cache Slough Non-native 38.1770 -121.6670
761673 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1984 1984-02-10 San Dieguito River Non-native 32.9711 -117.2626
761674 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1984 1984-09-08 Mission Bay Non-native 32.7791 -117.2288
761675 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1986 1986-08-12 Los Angeles Harbor, just outside Fish Harbor Non-native 33.7332 -118.2662
761676 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1986 1986-10-14 Los Angeles Harbor, just outside Fish Harbor Non-native 33.7332 -118.2662
761677 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 2003 2003-06-13 Mission Bay, off Fiesta Island Non-native 32.7793 -117.2241
761678 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 2003 2003-09-21 La Jolla Canyon Non-native 32.8566 -117.2600
761679 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 2003 2003-11-19 Mouth of San Elijo Lagoon Non-native 33.0161 -117.2823
761680 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 2010 2010-08-05 Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Non-native 36.8117 -121.7883
761681 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1973 1973-06-02 Elkhorn Slough, W side of West Arm Non-native 36.8117 -121.7883
761682 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1984 1984-05-13 San Dieguito River Non-native 32.9698 -117.2607
761683 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1984 1984-06-02 San Dieguito Lagoon Non-native 32.9711 -117.2626
761684 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1986 1986-10-14 Los Penasquitos Lagoon Non-native 32.9341 -117.2564
761685 San Diego Unified Port District 1990, cited in Williams et al. 1998 1988 San Diego Bay Non-native 32.6717 -117.1439
761686 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1989 1989-04-01 E Street Marsh at Vener Pond Culvert, Sweetwater Marsh Complex Non-native 32.6394 -117.1077
761687 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1991 1991-09-23 Mission Bay, near Bahia Hotel Non-native 32.7727 -117.2472
761688 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1996 1996-07-11 Connector Marsh, Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6545 -117.1089
761689 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1996 1996-01-30 San Diego Bay Non-native 32.6717 -117.1439
761690 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1998 1998-04-19 Kendall-Frost Marsh Reserve, Mission Bay Non-native 32.7927 -117.2293
761691 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection Database, 2018 1998 1998-07-16 Kendall-Frost Marsh Reserve, Mission Bay Non-native 32.7927 -117.2293
761692 Williams et al. 1998a 1989 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761693 Williams et al. 1998a 1989 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761694 Williams et al. 1998a 1990 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761695 Williams et al. 1998a 1990 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761696 Williams et al. 1998a 1990 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761697 Williams et al. 1998a 1990 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761698 Williams et al. 1998a 1991 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761699 Williams et al. 1998a 1992 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761700 Williams et al. 1998a 1993 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761701 Williams et al. 1998a 1994 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761702 Williams et al. 1998a 1995 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761703 Williams et al. 1998a 1996 Sweetwater Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Non-native 32.6394 -117.1075
761704 Larkin et al. 2008 2000 Friendship Marsh, Tijuana Estuary Non-native 32.5459 -117.1211
761705 Valle et al. 1999 1990 Alamitos Bay, General Location Non-native 33.7502 -118.1185
761706 Cohen and Bollens 2008 2004 Bull Island (off Napa River) Non-native 38.2175 -122.3047
761707 Cohen and Bollens 2008 2004 Coon Island (off Napa River) Non-native 38.1933 -122.3192
761708 Cohen and Bollens 2008 2004 Pond 2A (off Napa River) Non-native 38.1525 -122.3194
761709 Cohen and Bollens 2008 2005 Bull Island (off Napa River) Non-native 38.2175 -122.3047
761710 Cohen and Bollens 2008 2005 Coon Island (off Napa River) Non-native 38.1933 -122.3192
761711 Cohen and Bollens 2008 2005 Pond 2A (off Napa River) Non-native 38.1525 -122.3194
761712 California Academy of Sciences Ichthyology Collection Database 2014; FishNet2 Database 2018 1972 1972-10-19 Estero Americano Non-native 38.2982 -122.9995
761713 Neilson and Wilson 2005 2002 Bolsa Chica Non-native 33.6996 -118.0382
761714 Neilson and Wilson 2005 2003 Bolsa Chica Non-native 33.6996 -118.0382
761715 Neilson and Wilson 2005 2002 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6333 -117.8883
761716 Neilson and Wilson 2005 2003 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6333 -117.8883
761717 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-07-27 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6206 -117.8984
761718 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-10-05 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6206 -117.8984
761719 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-06-29 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6206 -117.8984
761720 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-08-08 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6206 -117.8984
761721 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-07-27 Upper Newport Bay, Station 3 Non-native 33.6264 -117.8883
761722 Swift et al. 1993; FishNet2 Database 2018 1986 1986-09-11 Mugu Lagoon, downstream of Laguna Road Bridge Non-native 34.1022 -119.1050
761723 Swift et al. 1993; FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-07-16 Ballona Marsh Non-native 33.9714 -118.4392
761724 FishNet2 Database 2018 1979 1979-06-30 Anaheim Bay, opposite Huntington Harbour Non-native 33.7342 -118.0915
761725 Horn and Allen 1981 1979 Upper Newport Bay, Station 3 Non-native 33.6264 -117.8883
761726 FishNet2 Database 2018 1972 1972-11-23 Carquinez Strait, at Benicia Non-native 38.0433 -122.1625
761727 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-08-13 Ballona Marsh Non-native 33.9714 -118.4392
761728 FishNet2 Database 2018 1981 1981-03-13 Ballona Marsh Non-native 33.9714 -118.4392
761729 FishNet2 Database 2018 1981 1981-04-14 Ballona Marsh Non-native 33.9714 -118.4392
761730 FishNet2 Database 2018 1981 1981-05-13 Ballona Marsh Non-native 33.9714 -118.4392
761731 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-01-30 Upper Newport Bay Non-native 33.6206 -117.8984
761732 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-06-24 Upper Newport Bay, Station 3 Non-native 33.6447 -117.8871
761733 FishNet2 Database 2018 1981 1981-06-10 West Berkeley, 300 meters W of Bayshore Freeway Non-native 37.8917 -122.3167
761734 FishNet2 Database 2018 1981 1981-06-10 Southampton Marsh Non-native 38.0764 -122.1933
761735 FishNet2 Database 2018 1982 1982-08-31 Carquinez Strait Non-native 38.0486 -122.1694
761736 FishNet2 Database 2018 2003 2003-06-24 Near Mouth of San Luis Rey River Non-native 33.2081 -117.3823
761737 FishNet2 Database 2018 2004 2004-05-17 San Mateo Lagoon Non-native 33.3875 -117.5923
761738 FishNet2 Database 2018 2004 2004-06-28 San Mateo Lagoon Non-native 33.3873 -117.5927
761739 FishNet2 Database 2018 2004 2004-07-14 San Mateo Lagoon Non-native 33.3875 -117.5923
761740 FishNet2 Database 2018 1998 1998-09-01 Santa Margarita River Lagoon Non-native 33.2357 -117.8613
761741 FishNet2 Database 2018 1997 1997-08-23 Lower San Diego Creek at Highway 73 Non-native 33.6514 -117.8620
761742 FishNet2 Database 2018 2010 2010-04-27 Oxford Retention Basin Non-native 33.9854 -118.4552
761743 FishNet2 Database 2018 1998 1998-09-02 Marina del Rey Non-native 33.9817 -118.4483
761744 FishNet2 Database 2018 1998 1998-07-23 Golden Shore Marine Ecological Reserve Non-native 33.7640 -118.2026
761745 FishNet2 Database 2018 1981 1981-06-12 Montezuma Slough Complex Non-native 38.1808 -122.0407
761746 FishNet2 Database 2018 1971 John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility Non-native 37.8257 -121.5957
761747 FishNet2 Database 2018 1967 1967-06-17 Napa River Non-native 38.2801 -122.2841
761748 FishNet2 Database 2018 1967 1967-06-28 Carquinez Strait at Benicia Non-native 38.0490 -122.1648
761749 FishNet2 Database 2018 1967 1967-10-03 Carquinez Strait, 1 mile W of old State Capitol Non-native 38.0506 -122.1766
761750 FishNet2 Database 2018 1966 1966-01-23 Carquinez Strait, off Benicia Non-native 38.0424 -122.1574
761751 FishNet2 Database 2018 1980 1980-10-14 Upper Newport Bay, by Shellmaker Island Non-native 33.6238 -117.8887
761752 FishNet2 Database 2018 1974 Tomales Bay (General Location) Non-native 38.1664 -122.9080
761753 FishNet2 Database 2018 1987 1987-09-19 Georgiana Slough [near River Mile 11.5] Non-native 38.2301 -121.5234
761754 FishNet2 Database 2018 1993 1993-07-30 Sweetwater Marsh (General Location) Non-native 32.6430 -117.1100
761755 FishNet2 Database 2018 1985 1985-06-25 Tomales Bay at Nick's Cove Non-native 38.1995 -122.9212
761756 Swift et al. 1993 1993 Lower San Diego Creek (tributary to Newport Bay) Non-native 33.6516 -117.8609
761757 Swift et al. 1993 1993 San Mateo Lagoon Non-native 33.3871 -117.5932
761758 Mejia et al. 2008 2004 Alviso Salt Pond Complex (General Location) Non-native 37.4406 -122.0232
761759 Mejia et al. 2008 2004 Stevens Creek Non-native 37.4445 -122.0649
761760 Mejia et al. 2008 2004 Alviso Slough Non-native 37.4601 -122.0220
761761 Mejia et al. 2008 2004 Coyote Creek Non-native 37.4631 -121.9883
761762 Mejia et al. 2008 2004 Eden Landing Salt Pond Complex (General Location) Non-native 37.5848 -122.1164
761763 Mejia et al. 2008 2004 Coyote Hills Slough Non-native 37.5939 -122.1429
761764 Mejia et al. 2008 2004 Old Alameda Flood Control Channel Non-native 37.5650 -122.1295
761765 Allen et al. 2002 1990 Station 2, San Diego Bay Non-native 32.6880 -117.1632
761766 Allen et al. 2002 1990 Station 3, San Diego Bay Non-native 32.6514 -117.1417
761767 Allen et al. 2002 1990 Station 4, San Diego Bay Non-native 32.6138 -117.1220

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