Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1914
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1914
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record:

General Invasion History:

Anguinella palmata was described from Europe in the 19th century and is distributed on both sides of the Atlantic. In the Eastern Atlantic, it is known from southern Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the Atlantic coast of France (Hayward 1985), and the coasts of Ghana and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in equatorial Africa (Cook 1968). In the Western Atlantic, it ranges from Massachusetts to the Gulf of Mexico (Maturo 1958; Shier 1964; Winston 1977), Puerto Rico (Osburn 1940), and Santos, Brazil (Marcus 1937). The distribution of this bryozoan seems to be most continuous on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The occurrences in Africa, Brazil, and possibly Europe may be cryptogenic. Anguinella palmata has been introduced to the East Pacific (California to Peru) and the Southwest Pacific (Australia and New Zealand). This species has a lecithotrophic larva, which spends only a brief time in the plankton, so hull fouling is the most likely form of transport.

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

Anguinella palmata was collected at Balboa, near Newport, California in 1914 (USNMNH 6660, U.S. National Museum of Natural History 2003), and at nearby Seal Beach in 1934 (Gordon 1967, cited by Cohen and Carlton 1995). We are unaware of further southern California records. However, A. palmata was collected in San Francisco Bay in 1993 (Cohen and Carlton 1995) and is now well-established in the South, Central, and San Pablo sections (2004, Cohen et al. 2005; California Academy of Sciences 2005).

Invasion History Elsewhere in the World:

Anguinella palmata has been collected further south in the East Pacific, from Mexico to northern Peru. It was collected in Zorritos, Peru, in the Gulf of Santa Clara in 1933 (Osburn 1947), on Isla Isabela in Panama City, also in 1933 (Osburn 1947), off the coast of Nayarit, Mexico in 1942 (Osburn 1947), and in Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico (Alvarez and Banta 1984). This bryozoan is assumed to be introduced in these East Pacific sites. Anguinella palmata has also been introduced to New South Wales, Australia (Allen 1953) and Auckland, New Zealand (Gordon and Mawatari 1992).

Description

Anguinella palmata is an erect, uncalcified bryozoan, growing in branched, tapering, mud-coated tuft-like brown colonies, up to 200 mm in length. The zooids are erect and tubular, 0.75-2.5 mm long, and 0.12-0.29; Veira et al. 2020 mm in diameter, with a terminal aperture and ten tentacles. The basal zooids and the axial zooids of the branches are modified to serve as a stalk for the colony, and are elongated, thickened, and lack feeding structures. Colonies are about 6 mm high (description from Osburn 1944; Maturo 1957; Gordon and Mawatari 1992; Winston and Hayward 2012; Vieira et al. 2014).

Taxonomy

Taxonomic Tree

Kingdom:   Animalia
Phylum:   Bryozoa
Class:   Gymnolaemata
Order:   Ctenostomata
Suborder:   Carnosa
Superfamily:   Paludicelloidea
Family:   Nolellidae
Genus:   Anguinella
Species:   palmata

Synonyms

Potentially Misidentified Species

Ecology

General:

Life History- Anguinella palmata is a bush-like, soft-bodied bryozoan, composed of many individual zooids. The zooids feed by extending the ciliated tentacles of the lophophore as a funnel, creating a current, and driving food particles into their mouths. The food is guided along the tentacles and through the pharynx by the cilia. Larger food particles can be moved or captured by flicking or contracting the tentacles. The zooids are hermaphroditic, and produce large yolky eggs, which hatch into lecithotrophic larvae, which are planktonic for short periods (less than 1-2 days). Larvae settle on a substrate and metamorphose into the first zooid of a colony, an ancestrula (Barnes 1983).

Ecology- Anguinella palmata has been found attached to jetties, shells, and pilings (Osburn 1944; Maturo 1958). It is primarily found in marine environments, but has been collected at salinities as low as 13 PSU (Osburn 1944).

Food:

Phytoplankton; Detritus

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

Habitats

General HabitatMarinas & DocksNone
General HabitatOyster ReefNone
General HabitatCoarse Woody DebrisNone
General HabitatRockyNone
General HabitatVessel HullNone
Salinity RangeMesohaline5-18 PSU
Salinity RangePolyhaline18-30 PSU
Salinity RangeEuhaline30-40 PSU
Tidal RangeSubtidalNone
Vertical HabitatEpibenthicNone

Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Salinity (‰)13Field data, Gosner 1978
Maximum Height (mm)200Winston and Hayward 2012
Broad Temperature RangeNoneCold temperate-Tropical
Broad Salinity RangeNoneMesohaline-Euhaline (Osburn 1944; Maturo 1958)

General Impacts

Impacts of Anguinella palmata have not been reported from its native or introduced range.

Regional Distribution Map

Bioregion Region Name Year Invasion Status Population Status
P130 Humboldt Bay 2003 Non-native Unknown
NEP-IV Puget Sound to Northern California 2003 Non-native Unknown
NEP-V Northern California to Mid Channel Islands 1993 Non-native Established
P093 _CDA_P093 (San Pablo Bay) 1993 Non-native Established
P090 San Francisco Bay 1993 Non-native Established
P050 San Pedro Bay 1934 Non-native Established
NEP-VI Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California 1914 Non-native Established
P040 Newport Bay 1914 Non-native Unknown

Occurrence Map

OCC_ID Author Year Date Locality Status Latitude Longitude
697099 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 Ferry Terminal Pier Non-native 37.7945 -122.3917
697100 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Ferry Terminal Pier Non-native 37.7945 -122.3917
697263 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-27 Pete's Harbor, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5006 -122.2242
697630 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 Loch Lomond Yacht Harbor, San Pablo Bay Non-native 37.9724 -122.4818
697724 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-07 Tiburon Non-native 37.8883 -122.4445
698051 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Point Richmond Piers Non-native 37.9085 -122.3913
698052 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Point Richmond Piers Non-native 37.9085 -122.3913
698091 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 San Mateo Bridge Non-native 37.5806 -122.2543
698092 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-29 San Mateo Bridge Non-native 37.5806 -122.2543
698254 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Pier 39, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8114 -122.4098
698338 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Loch Lomond Marina Area Non-native 37.9720 -122.4832
698383 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Richardson Bay Non-native 37.8588 -122.4798
698469 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Santa Fe Channel - Front Non-native 37.9101 -122.3644
698472 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Front Non-native 37.9101 -122.3644
698508 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Romberg Tiburon Center Non-native 37.8906 -122.4458
698509 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Romberg Tiburon Center Non-native 37.8906 -122.4458
698609 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-27 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5907 -122.3180
698621 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 Pete's Harbor, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5008 -122.2237
698933 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.9643 -122.4185
698934 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.9643 -122.4185
699127 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
699128 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
699193 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 Mission Rock, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.7727 -122.3865
699234 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Treasure Island Non-native 37.8149 -122.3702
699278 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Oakland Inner Harbor - Shipping cranes Non-native 37.7947 -122.3095
699323 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-15 San Pablo Bay Pumphouse Non-native 38.0446 -122.4326
699363 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Saint Francis Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.8066 -122.4463
699408 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-13 Coyote Point Non-native 37.5920 -122.3210
699417 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-06 Coyote Point Non-native 37.5920 -122.3210
699472 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 Bay Farm Island, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.7453 -122.2183
699537 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-26 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor, San Pablo Bay Non-native 37.9624 -122.4188
699570 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Redwood Creek - Shipping Non-native 37.5120 -122.2109
699571 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Redwood Creek - Shipping Non-native 37.5120 -122.2109
699655 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Pier 45 Non-native 37.8111 -122.4196
699885 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Redwood Creek - Marina Non-native 37.5021 -122.2130
699891 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Redwood Creek - Marina Non-native 37.5021 -122.2130
699942 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Dumbarton Bridge Non-native 37.5070 -122.1168
699943 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Dumbarton Bridge Non-native 37.5070 -122.1168
699978 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-11 Point Richmond Non-native 37.9212 -122.3871
699996 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-12 McNears Beach Non-native 37.9962 -122.4556
700030 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Cruise Ship Pier Non-native 37.8085 -122.4060
700033 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Cruise Ship Pier Non-native 37.8085 -122.4060
700322 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier Non-native 37.8600 -122.3256
700323 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-04 Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier Non-native 37.8600 -122.3256
700409 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-19 Near Huntington Launch Ramp Non-native 33.7279 -118.0786
700491 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 Coyote Point Marina Non-native 37.5905 -122.3177
700492 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Coyote Point Marina Non-native 37.5905 -122.3177
700814 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Sea Plane Harbor Non-native 37.6349 -122.3848
701354 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Santa Fe Channel - Back Non-native 37.9207 -122.3684
701355 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Back Non-native 37.9207 -122.3684
701448 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Hercules Wharf Non-native 38.0231 -122.2928
701830 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Ballena Bay Non-native 37.7661 -122.2834
701945 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-24 Coast Guard Island Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.7812 -122.2458
702085 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Corinthian Marina Non-native 37.8726 -122.4563
702099 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Corinthian Marina Non-native 37.8726 -122.4563
702236 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 Central Basin Non-native 37.7643 -122.3863
702308 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702316 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-13 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702318 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702319 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-19 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702407 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor, San Pablo Bay Non-native 37.9638 -122.4179
702591 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-07-08 Richmond Marina Non-native 37.9137 -122.3504
702592 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Richmond Marina Non-native 37.9137 -122.3504
702696 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 Potrero Point Non-native 37.7521 -122.3790
702697 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Potrero Point Non-native 37.7521 -122.3790
702818 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-20 LA/Long Beach Coast Guard Pier Non-native 33.7233 -118.2685
702966 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Sierra Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6732 -122.3807
702999 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 China Basin Non-native 37.7780 -122.3881
703031 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5906 -122.3169
703264 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-11-15 China Camp Non-native 38.0025 -122.4617
703266 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-12 China Camp Non-native 38.0025 -122.4617
703310 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-06-08 Yerba Buena Non-native 37.8146 -122.3712
703412 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Oakland Inner Harbor - Small marinas Non-native 37.7847 -122.2669
703779 Cohen and Carlton 1995 1995 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6970 -122.1915
703904 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-30 Rodeo Marina Non-native 38.0394 -122.2717
703982 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-07 Railroad Bridge Non-native 37.4602 -121.9750
704119 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Coast Guard Island Non-native 37.7812 -122.2457
704186 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Chevron Pier Non-native 37.9228 -122.4105
704187 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Chevron Pier Non-native 37.9228 -122.4105
704284 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Brisbane Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6862 -122.3906
704603 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 Sierra Point Marina Non-native 37.6740 -122.3792
704608 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Sierra Point Marina Non-native 37.6740 -122.3792
758041 Cohen and Chapman 2005 2005 2005-11-27 San Mateo Bridge (pylon) Non-native 37.5835 -122.2515
767701 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-25 Navy Ammo Dock, Pier Bravo, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.6939 -117.2276
767807 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2012-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6979 -122.1912
768029 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-27 Port of San Francisco Pier 31, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4060
768161 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-05 Port of Oakland, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7987 -122.3228
768222 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-13 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6962 -122.1919
768426 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6980 -122.1908
770905 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-26 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5869 -122.3237
770933 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
770940 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
770948 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
770964 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
770973 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
770997 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2124
771323 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-29 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
771353 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771365 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771373 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
771381 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-21 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6977 -122.1912
772192 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772208 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772220 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772229 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772261 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-20 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6981 -122.1907
772675 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-25 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2114
776402 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8026 -124.1789
776403 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-09 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776404 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-09 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776405 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-09 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776406 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-09 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776407 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-17 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6639 -122.3758
776408 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-15 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8066 -122.4331
776409 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-16 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776410 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-22 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5898 -122.3165
776411 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-22 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5898 -122.3165
776412 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776413 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776414 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776415 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776416 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776417 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
819320 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Queensway Bay None 33.7554 -118.1904
819321 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Island Grissom None 33.7625 -118.1782
819322 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Belmont Shore None 33.7426 -118.1212
819323 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Seal Beach None 33.7360 -118.1107
819324 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Cabrillo Way Marina None 33.7160 -118.2820
819325 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 San Pedro Marina None 33.7350 -118.2778
819326 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Reservation Point None 33.7223 -118.2649
819327 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Pier300 None 33.7321 -118.2679
819328 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Island Yacht Anchorage None 33.7319 -118.2386
819329 Ruiz GM, Chang AL, and JB Geller (2021) 2018 Consolodated Slip None 33.7728 -118.2494
819923 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Oyster Point None 37.6937 -122.3689
819924 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 SF marina None 37.8075 -122.4347
819925 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Hayward None 37.6485 -122.2184
819926 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Ballena Isle None 37.7583 -122.2841
819927 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 San Mateo None 37.5938 -122.3036
819928 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 San Bruno None 37.6479 -122.3662
819929 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Richmond None 37.9187 -122.3919
819930 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Albany None 37.8877 -122.3247
819931 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 San Quentin None 37.9372 -122.4787
819932 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2014 Richardson bay None 37.8715 -122.4790
820133 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Oakland None 37.7056 -122.2473
820134 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Ballena Isle None 37.7588 -122.2834
820135 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 SF marina None 37.8074 -122.4345
820136 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Richardson bay None 37.8705 -122.4797
820137 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Smithsonian None 37.8981 -122.4623
820138 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Hunters Point None 37.7088 -122.3691
820139 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Oyster Point None 37.6747 -122.3753
820140 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Union City None 37.5865 -122.1743
820141 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 Albany None 37.8879 -122.3245
820142 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2015 San Lorenzo None 37.6480 -122.2159

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Winston, Judith E.; Hayward, Peter J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia, Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir 11: 1-180