Invasion History

First Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1973
First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1973
First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record: 1998

General Invasion History:

Caprella mutica is native to the Northwest Pacific. It was first described from Peter the Great Bay, Russia, by Schurin in 1939, and was subsequently found from the Kurile Islands and Akkeshi Bay in Hokkaido Japan (Ashton 2006) south to the Bohai Sea (Laoning Province) and Jiazhou Bay (Shandong Province) in China (Huang 2001). This caprellid has been introduced to the East (Delaware-Newfoundland) and West coasts (California-Alaska) of North America, Europe (from Spain to Norway and Germany), and New Zealand. Caprellids are capable of long-distance dispersal on floating seaweeds or other objects, but ballast water, ship fouling, and the culture of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are likely vectors for the transport of C. mutica to different regions of the world. Many of the occurrence records are associated with aquaculture facilities and other man-made structures, such as breakwaters, marinas, and oil platforms (Platvoet et al. 1995; Willis et al. 2004; Ashton 2006; Page et al. 2006; Ashton et al. 2007; Cook et al. 2007).

North American Invasion History:

Invasion History on the West Coast:

In 1973, Caprella mutica (initially reported as C. acanthogaster) was collected at Field's Landing, in Humboldt Bay, California (Martin 1977, cited by Carlton 1979, Marelli 1981, Boyd et al. 2002). In 1977, it was collected near Oakland in San Francisco Bay (Marelli 1981) and now ranges throughout the South and Central Bay (Cohen et al. 2005). It has been collected at many locations in California, including Elkhorn Slough (in 1978, Marelli 1981), San Diego Bay (in 2001, Fairey et al. 2002, reported as C. acanthogaster), Morro Bay, Channel Islands Harbor, Port Hueneme, Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors, San Diego Bay (Cohen et al. 2002; Fairey et al. 2002), and oil platforms off Santa Barbara (Page et al. 2006). To the north, it was first collected in Coos Bay, Oregon in 1983 (Carlton 1989; Wonham et al. 2005), Puget Sound, Washington in 1998 and Victoria, British Columbia in 1995 (Cohen et al. 1998; Cohen et al. 2001; Frey et al. 2009). Later it was found to range much farther north, including the Queen Charlotte Islands and Prince Rupert, British Columbia (Frey et al. 2009), and Ketchikan to Kachemak Bay, and Dutch Harbor, in the Aleutian Islands. The timing of this northern invasion is not clear- the earliest Alaskan record is from Sitka in 2001 (Ashton et al. 2008). Pre-existing populations or natural range extensions are conceivable, but extensive collections of caprellids were made in Alaska in the 19th century (US National Museum of Natural History 2012), and in British Columbia in the 20th century (Frey et al. 2009). Potential vectors for C. mutica's transport to the West coast include transplants of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), hull fouling, and ballast water.

Invasion History on the East Coast:

The earliest collection of Caprella mutica on the East Coast of North America was in 1998 in Brundenel, on Prince Edward Island, Canada, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Locke et al. 2007; Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009). In 2000, in a survey of southern New England harbors, Caprella mutica was collected in many locations from Gloucester, Massachusetts, south to Newport, Rhode Island. A subsequent survey in 2003 extended the range north to Freeport, Maine, and south to Mystic, Connecticut (MIT Sea Grant 2003). In 2013, established populations of C. mutica were found in the Indian River Inlet, Delaware and Ocean City Inlet, Maryland (Macarena Ros, personal communication, 2013). This caprellid was also collected in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Canada (in 2002, Ashton 2006), Placentia Bay on the south shore of Newfoundland (in 2010, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2011), and at several more locations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, including Chaleur Bay (in 2003) and the Magdalen Islands, Quebec (in 2005, Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009).

Invasion History Elsewhere in the World:

Caprella mutica was first reported in European waters from a surge barrier in Zeeland, and Burghsluis, Netherlands, on the Eastern Scheldt estuary, where it was named as a new species C. macho (Platvoet 1995). In 1999, it was found near a salmon farm in Oban, on the west coast of Scotland (Willis et al. 2004), the Shetland Islands and in Austevoll, Norway (Skifterik 2001; Ashton 2006; Cook et al. 2007). This caprellid is now known from much of the coast of Northwestern Europe, from Le Havre, France (on the English Channel) to Helgoland, Germany (on the North Sea), including the Channel Coast of England, the east and west coasts of Scotland, and the west and east coasts of Ireland (Tierney et al. 2004; Buschbaum and Gutow 2005; Ashton 2006; Arenas et al. 2006; Ashton et al. 2007; Cook et al. 2007; Schückel et al. 2010).

In the Southwest Pacific, Caprella mutica is established near Timaru and Lyttleton on the South Island of New Zealand (Willis et al. 2009).


Description

Caprellid amphipods have a greatly modified body form, when compared to more familiar gammarid amphipods. The body is elongated (giving rise to the name 'skeleton shrimp'), though the abdomen is compressed. The head is partly fused with the first thoracic segment (called Pereonite 1 in amphipods). The head bears a pair of long antennae 1, somewhat shorter antennae. The 1st antennae (A1) have a 3-segmented peduncle, tipped by a flagellum with multiple segments. The 2nd antennae (A2) may be fringed with long setae, and have 3-4 segments in the peduncle, and a shorter flagellum, usually of 2 segments. A mandibular palp of several segments is present in some genera, arising between the antennae, but this is absent in Caprella. There is a small pair of gnathopods, with small grasping claws, with a movable finger (Gnathopod 1) on Pereonite 1. Pereonite 2 bears a much larger pair of gnathopods (Gnathopod 2), which may have conspicuous spines or setae. Pereonites 3 and 4 usually have round or club-shaped gills, while in most species, including Caprella, pereiopods are absent. Pereopods 5, 6, and 7 are roughly equal and hook-like, for climbing and attachment, with 6 segments. Females develop oostegites, plates which form a brood pouch. Males are usually larger than females of the same species. Females and immature males can be hard to identify to species level. (Description from: Barnes 1983; Watling and Carlton, in Carlton 2007).  

Caprella mutica males can grow up to 35 mm, while females grow up to 15 mm (MarLin 2006). Paired dorsal and lateral spines on pereonites 3 to 7 increase in number and size with maturity. Mature males can often be distinguished from other caprellids by naked eye. Immature specimens may only have small paired dorsal spines on pereonite 5. Live specimens of both sexes are bright orange to red in color, with the brood pouch of the female being pale white with dark red dots (Platvoet et al. 1995). There are a number of morphological differences between male and females. Females have no setation on the first and second pereopods, but do have dorsal and lateral spines on pereonites 3 to 7. The pereonites and Gnathopod 2 of females are greatly shortened compared with those of the males. Mature females are distinguished by the developing oostegites and brood pouch. (See further descriptions from: Platvoet et al. 1995; Ashton 2006; MarLin 2006; and Watling and Carlton, in Carlton 2007)


Taxonomy

Taxonomic Tree

Kingdom:   Animalia
Phylum:   Arthropoda
Subphylum:   Crustacea
Class:   Malacostraca
Subclass:   Eumalacostraca
Superorder:   Peracarida
Order:   Amphipoda
Suborder:   Caprellidea
Infraorder:   Caprellida
Superfamily:   Caprelloidea
Family:   Caprellidae
Genus:   Caprella
Species:   mutica

Synonyms

Caprella acanthogaster humboldtiensis (Martin, 1977)
Caprella macho (Platvoet, De Bruyne and Gmelig-Meyling, 1995)

Potentially Misidentified Species

Caprella acanthogaster
Carlton (1979) and Marelli (1981) mistakenly applied this name to Caprella mutica in California. Caprella acanthogaster is also native to the northwest Pacific, and has been introduced to Tasmania (Guerra-Garcia and Takeuchi 2004), but is not known from North American or European waters.

Caprella alaskana
NE Pacific native, California to Alaska

Caprella kennerlyi
NE Pacific native, California to Alaska

Caprella laeviuscula
NE Pacific native, California to Alaska

Caprella linearis
N Atlantic native, New England-Labrador, Arctic Russia-Spain, Alaska

Ecology

General:

Life History – The males are large and slender, armed with larger gnathopods, probably an adaptation to compete for females and to guard themselves during molting. The embryos are brooded by the female in an egg-pouch formed by large plates (oostegites) on the 3rd and 4th pereionites (Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009). Development is direct, with the newborn juveniles having the general form of adults. Females reach maturity at Instar VII (the 6th molt), an average of 53 days after birth (cultured at 14⁰C). The average lifespan was 90-120 days with most females producing two broods before death (Cook et al. 2007). However, estimated brooding time and lifespan varies greatly in the field, with varying temperature and food conditions (Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009). The importance of maternal care in C. mutica is unclear (Boos et al. 2011). In culture, newborn juvenile C. mutica may cling to the females after birth, and remain nearby for several days, but disperse within a week. Brooding females and females with newborns are more likely to fight with males than non-reproducing females (Matthews 2008). The population cycle is strongly seasonal in the Sea of Japan and in Chaleur Bay, Quebec, with peaks of reproduction in spring (April-May) and summer (June-August), and two generations per year (Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009). In Scotland, with somewhat higher winter temperatures, (minimum of 7⁰C) reproduction occurred year-round, but populations peaked in July-August (Ashton 2006). In culture, C. mutica was able to reproduce at 4-26⁰C, but reproduction was optimal at 16⁰C and impaired at the upper and lower limits (Boos et al. 2011).

Ecology – Caprellids can feed in a variety of ways, including filtering small particles from the water, browsing on small filamentous algae, scraping tissue from large algae, scavenging, and predation (Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009). Caprella mutica appears to be capable of using all these modes of feeding, which may contribute to its success as an invader (Cook et al. 2007, Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009; Cook et al. 2010; Best et al. 2013). The high abundance of C. mutica found around salmon farms may be due to direct consumption of salmon feed, as well as feeding on enhanced densities of phytoplankton stimulated by nutrients from the aquaculture operation (Boos et al. 2011). It has been found clinging to vegetation, hydroids, bryozoans, and manmade structures (ropes, nets, etc.) (Ashton 2006; Willis et al. 2004; Maciejeski 2008). It tolerates wide ranges of temperature, 2 - 25⁰C, and salinities as low as 11 PSU in the field in the northern Sea of Japan (Schevchenko et al. 2004, cited by Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009). In laboratory experiments, the temperature range was similar, 2-26⁰C, but the lower salinity limit was higher at 15 PSU. It showed little mortality at the highest salinity tested, 40 PSU (Ashton et al. 2007). In North Sea, off Netherlands and Belgium, C. mutica was dominant on intertidal and floating artificial substrates, in waters with high densities of suspended particulate matter, and less than 17 m depth, while the native C.linearis dominated on fixed, subtidal substrates in deeper water (Coolen et al. 2016). Caprella mutica appears to have sufficient tolerance and flexibility of habitat, feeding, and life history to colonize much of the world's temperate waters (Ashton 2006; Boos et al. 2011). 

Food:

Phytoplankton, seaweed, detritus

Consumers:

Fishes

Competitors:

Caprella californica, Caprella linearis

Trophic Status:

Suspension Feeder

SusFed

Habitats

General HabitatCoarse Woody DebrisNone
General HabitatOyster ReefNone
General HabitatMarinas & DocksNone
General HabitatRockyNone
General HabitatVessel HullNone
Salinity RangePolyhaline18-30 PSU
Salinity RangeEuhaline30-40 PSU
Tidal RangeSubtidalNone
Vertical HabitatEpibenthicNone


Tolerances and Life History Parameters

Minimum Temperature (ºC)-2Based on field distribution, laboratory animals tolerated 2 C, lowest tested (Ashton 2006)
Maximum Temperature (ºC)28Experimental, 48 h LT 50 (Ashton 2006)
Minimum Salinity (‰)14.6Experimental, 48 h LC 50, reduced activity below 18 ppt (Ashton 2006)
Maximum Salinity (‰)40Experimental, highest tested (Ashton 2006)
Minimum Reproductive Temperature4Lowest tested (Ashton 2006). Hatchlings maintained at 4 C died after 4 months (Boos et al. 2011), but winter hatchlings probably would survive a normaly seasonal cycle with spring warming.
Maximum Reproductive Temperature20Highest tested (Boos et al. 2011)
Maximum Length (mm)50Nihsimura 1995, males, in Japan, cited by Cook et al. 2007
Broad Temperature RangeNoneCold temperate-Warm temperate
Broad Salinity RangeNonePolyhaline-Euhaline

General Impacts

In its invaded range, Caprella mutica has achieved extraordinary densities, especially on man-made structures. Studies of its economic and ecological impacts are limited, but observations indicate that C. mutica can affect aquaculture operations, displace native caprellids, and affect the feeding of native fishes (Ashton 2006; Page et al. 2007; Shucksmith et al. 2009; Turcotte and Sainte Marie 2009).

In Price Edward Island, Canada, high densities of caprellids (C. mutica and C. linearis) were shown to inhibit the settlement of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Collin and Johnson 2014). Since the tunicate appears to be locally invasive, and interfering with mussel aquaculture, there may be a potential for biocontrol by encouraging caprellid populations (Collin and Johnson 2014).

Regional Impacts

NEP-VIPt. Conception to Southern Baja CaliforniaEcological ImpactFood/Prey
On oil platforms off Santa Barbara, the caprellid community was dominated by Caprella mutica, which was a major component of the diet of a native fish, the Painted Greenling (Oxylebius pictus), which was very abundant at the platform (Page et al. 2007).
P065_CDA_P065 (Santa Barbara Channel)Ecological ImpactFood/Prey
On oil platforms off Santa Barbara, the caprellid community was dominated by Caprella mutica, which was a major component of the diet of a native fish, the Painted Greenling (Oxylebius pictus), which was very abundant at the platform (Page et al. 2007).
NEP-VNorthern California to Mid Channel IslandsEcological ImpactPredation
In Bodega Harbor, caging experiments and feeding trials showed that Caprella mutica was a significant predator on recruits of Ciona intestinalis (Rius et al. 2014).
P112_CDA_P112 (Bodega Bay)Ecological ImpactPredation
In Bodega Harbor, caging experiments and feeding trials showed that Caprella mutica was a significant predator on recruits of Ciona intestinalis (Rius et al. 2014).
P090San Francisco BayEcological ImpactCompetition
Caprella mutica was less tolerant of low salinity (LC50 of 17-21 PSU) than C. californica (LC50 of 16 PSU), and died out more quickly after low-salinity events in San Francisco Bay, but recolonized more rapidly due to faster maturity and higher fecundity (Desmet 2011).
NEP-VNorthern California to Mid Channel IslandsEcological ImpactCompetition

Caprella mutica was less tolerant of low salinity (LC50 of 17-21 PSU) than C. californica (LC50 of 16 PSU), and died out more quickly after low-salinity events in San Francisco Bay, but recolonized more rapidly due to faster marity and higher fecundity (Desmet 2011).

CACaliforniaEcological ImpactCompetition

Caprella mutica was less tolerant of low salinity (LC50 of 17-21 PSU) than C. californica (LC50 of 16 PSU), and died out more quickly after low-salinity events in San Francisco Bay, but recolonized more rapidly due to faster marity and higher fecundity (Desmet 2011).

, Caprella mutica was less tolerant of low salinity (LC50 of 17-21 PSU) than C. californica (LC50 of 16 PSU), and died out more quickly after low-salinity events in San Francisco Bay, but recolonized more rapidly due to faster maturity and higher fecundity (Desmet 2011).
CACaliforniaEcological ImpactFood/Prey
On oil platforms off Santa Barbara, the caprellid community was dominated by Caprella mutica, which was a major component of the diet of a native fish, the Painted Greenling (Oxylebius pictus), which was very abundant at the platform (Page et al. 2007).
CACaliforniaEcological ImpactPredation
In Bodega Harbor, caging experiments and feeding trials showed that Caprella mutica was a significant predator on recruits of Ciona intestinalis (Rius et al. 2014)., In Bodega Harbor, caging experiments and feeding trials showed that Caprella mutica was a significant predator on recruits of Ciona intestinalis (Rius et al. 2014).

Regional Distribution Map

Bioregion Region Name Year Invasion Status Population Status
P040 Newport Bay 2017 Non-native Established
P030 Mission Bay 2011 Non-native Established
P065 _CDA_P065 (Santa Barbara Channel) 2002 Non-native Established
P110 Tomales Bay 2001 Non-native Established
P112 _CDA_P112 (Bodega Bay) 2001 Non-native Established
P070 Morro Bay 2001 Non-native Established
P020 San Diego Bay 2001 Non-native Established
NEP-VI Pt. Conception to Southern Baja California 2000 Non-native Established
P062 _CDA_P062 (Calleguas) 2000 Non-native Established
P050 San Pedro Bay 2000 Non-native Established
P080 Monterey Bay 1978 Non-native Established
P090 San Francisco Bay 1977 Non-native Established
NEP-V Northern California to Mid Channel Islands 1977 Non-native Established
P130 Humboldt Bay 1973 Non-native Established
NEP-IV Puget Sound to Northern California 1973 Non-native Established

Occurrence Map

OCC_ID Author Year Date Locality Status Latitude Longitude
697008 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-25 Port Hueneme Sportfishing Non-native 34.1481 -119.2019
697055 J. Carlton, unpublished data, cited in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1977 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
697056 J. Carlton, unpublished data, cited in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1976 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
697057 J. Carlton, unpublished data, cited in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1975 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
697065 J. Carlton, unpublished data, cited in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1974 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
697104 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 Ferry Terminal Pier Non-native 37.7945 -122.3917
697105 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Ferry Terminal Pier Non-native 37.7945 -122.3917
697147 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Commercial Wharf Non-native 34.1478 -119.2077
697208 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Coast Guard "Ready Dock" Non-native 40.7671 -124.2171
697218 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 07 Non-native 40.7976 -124.1862
697269 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Wood-loading/Barge Dock Non-native 40.7327 -124.2192
697332 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Tomales Bay Boat Launch Non-native 38.1991 -122.9220
697333 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-06 Tomales Bay Boat Launch Non-native 38.1991 -122.9220
697439 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 The Steelhead/MBARI Bridge Non-native 36.8005 -121.7877
697471 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-30 Pilot's Dock at Pier F Non-native 33.7472 -118.2156
697475 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 05 Non-native 40.7784 -124.1959
697491 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 08 Non-native 40.8039 -124.1767
697562 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 03 Non-native 36.6043 -121.8918
697564 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 04 Non-native 38.3293 -123.0552
697569 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 02 Non-native 40.7325 -124.2193
697598 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-07 Benicia Waterfront Non-native 38.0401 -122.1385
697654 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-25 Jack's Landing Non-native 34.1636 -119.2228
697729 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 06 Non-native 38.3317 -123.0571
697846 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Berkeley Marina Non-native 37.8676 -122.3172
697847 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-04 Berkeley Marina Non-native 37.8676 -122.3172
697941 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Port of Oakland Office Non-native 37.7954 -122.2804
697943 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Port of Oakland Office Non-native 37.7954 -122.2804
697974 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Draw Bridge Non-native 33.7645 -118.2428
698059 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Point Richmond Piers Non-native 37.9085 -122.3913
698060 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Point Richmond Piers Non-native 37.9085 -122.3913
698249 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Pier 39, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8114 -122.4098
698284 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Pier 39 Non-native 37.8108 -122.4086
698292 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 07 Non-native 38.3317 -123.0571
698306 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-25 Anacapa Isle Marina Non-native 34.1731 -119.2269
698318 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Loch Lomond Marina Area Non-native 37.9720 -122.4832
698344 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Loch Lomond Marina Area Non-native 37.9720 -122.4832
698395 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Richardson Bay Non-native 37.8588 -122.4798
698396 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Richardson Bay Non-native 37.8588 -122.4798
698418 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-25 Presidio Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8326 -122.4741
698444 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 B-Dock Non-native 36.8027 -121.7851
698445 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 B-Dock Non-native 36.8027 -121.7851
698484 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Santa Fe Channel - Front Non-native 37.9101 -122.3644
698487 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Front Non-native 37.9101 -122.3644
698513 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Romberg Tiburon Center Non-native 37.8906 -122.4458
698515 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Romberg Tiburon Center Non-native 37.8906 -122.4458
698567 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 Slip In A Harbor Non-native 38.3295 -123.0565
698569 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-23 ITS Terminal Non-native 33.7483 -118.1973
698583 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Commercial Fishing Dock Non-native 35.3691 -120.8552
698613 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-27 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.5907 -122.3180
698628 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-08-16 Long Beach Epifaunal 06 Non-native 33.7697 -118.2283
698651 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Humboldt Chevron Pier Non-native 40.7781 -124.1962
698810 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-26 Richmond Marina Boat Ramp, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.9139 -122.3542
698825 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Boat Yard Non-native 35.3570 -120.8492
698826 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-05 Morro Bay Boat Yard Non-native 35.3570 -120.8492
698906 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Giant Fisherman Non-native 40.8070 -124.1666
698941 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.9643 -122.4185
698944 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.9643 -122.4185
698984 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-04 Dana Inn Marina Non-native 32.7671 -117.2362
699009 Boyd et al. 2002 (Humboldt Bay Report) 2002 Woodley Island, West End Non-native 40.8070 -124.1667
699035 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-25 CIYC Guest Slip Non-native 34.1641 -119.2255
699039 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-07 CIYC Guest Slip Non-native 34.1641 -119.2255
699059 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 Petaluma River Turning Basin Non-native 38.2344 -122.6354
699137 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
699144 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-14 Paradise Cay Non-native 37.9146 -122.4776
699201 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 02 Non-native 36.6034 -121.8907
699205 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 02 Non-native 38.3293 -123.0552
699237 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Treasure Island Non-native 37.8149 -122.3702
699244 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Treasure Island Non-native 37.8149 -122.3702
699253 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 Marina Near Chevron Dock Non-native 38.3321 -123.0585
699292 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Oakland Inner Harbor - Shipping cranes Non-native 37.7947 -122.3095
699328 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-20 San Pablo Bay Pumphouse Non-native 38.0446 -122.4326
699372 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Saint Francis Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.8066 -122.4463
699373 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Saint Francis Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.8066 -122.4463
699441 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 NE Corner of Bay Non-native 38.3340 -123.0511
699442 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-03 NE Corner of Bay Non-native 38.3340 -123.0511
699450 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 Monterey Private Slip Non-native 36.6034 -121.8905
699467 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Port Hueneme Infaunal 03 Non-native 34.1537 -119.2091
699594 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-08-16 Long Beach Epifaunal 02 Non-native 33.7477 -118.1975
699658 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Pier 45 Non-native 37.8111 -122.4196
699659 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Pier 45 Non-native 37.8111 -122.4196
699667 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 Monterey Yacht Harbor Non-native 36.6077 -121.8928
699743 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-04 Seaforth Non-native 32.7621 -117.2365
699946 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-05-31 Dumbarton Bridge Non-native 37.5070 -122.1168
700011 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 Breakwater Cove Marina Non-native 36.6090 -121.8936
700014 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-16 Breakwater Cove Marina Non-native 36.6090 -121.8936
700038 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-08 Cruise Ship Pier Non-native 37.8085 -122.4060
700039 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Cruise Ship Pier Non-native 37.8085 -122.4060
700085 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Wharf 4 Non-native 34.1500 -119.2100
700099 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Wooden Structure Debris Non-native 40.7233 -124.2232
700178 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-08 Commercial Fishing Fleet Dock Non-native 34.1482 -119.2020
700179 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Commercial Fishing Fleet Dock Non-native 34.1482 -119.2020
700188 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 MLML Small Boats Non-native 36.8041 -121.7860
700330 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-03 Berkeley Flats/Berkeley Pier Non-native 37.8600 -122.3256
700342 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-08-16 Long Beach Epifaunal 03 Non-native 33.7628 -118.2145
700444 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-08-16 Long Beach Epifaunal 04 Non-native 33.7709 -118.2113
700451 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-10 Channel Islands Harbor Epifaunal 01 Non-native 34.1742 -119.2271
700503 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-01 Coyote Point Marina Non-native 37.5905 -122.3177
700533 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Sea Plane Lagoon Non-native 37.7761 -122.2998
700550 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-10 Channel Islands Harbor Epifaunal 05 Non-native 34.1739 -119.2236
700592 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-02 Harbormaster Launch Ramp Non-native 36.6023 -121.8907
700593 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-05-16 Harbormaster Launch Ramp Non-native 36.6023 -121.8907
700654 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-09-12 Santa Barbara Cove Non-native 32.7774 -117.2484
700745 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Backside of Working Container Ship Pier Non-native 33.7667 -118.2774
700760 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Derelict Boat Non-native 35.3589 -120.8524
700823 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 Sea Plane Harbor Non-native 37.6349 -122.3848
700841 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-11 Los Angeles Epifaunal 05 Non-native 33.7648 -118.2424
700967 Marelli 1981 1979 Elkhorn Slough General Location Non-native 36.8086 -121.7856
700968 Marelli 1981 1978 Elkhorn Slough General Location Non-native 36.8086 -121.7856
701037 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-09 Santa Barbara Epifaunal 01 Non-native 34.4045 -119.6920
701068 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 Middle of the Slough Non-native 36.8112 -121.7793
701073 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 Middle of the Slough Non-native 36.8112 -121.7793
701202 J. Carlton, unpublished data, cited in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1977 San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8494 -122.3681
701203 J. Carlton, unpublished data, cited in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1976 San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8494 -122.3681
701321 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Dilapidated Dock Area Non-native 40.7291 -124.2198
701360 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Santa Fe Channel - Back Non-native 37.9207 -122.3684
701364 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-28 Santa Fe Channel - Back Non-native 37.9207 -122.3684
701494 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-06 Harbor Entrance Non-native 34.4069 -119.6913
701495 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-27 Harbor Entrance Non-native 34.4069 -119.6913
701841 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Ballena Bay Non-native 37.7661 -122.2834
701842 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Ballena Bay Non-native 37.7661 -122.2834
701852 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-21 APL Terminal Non-native 33.7348 -118.2479
701903 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-19 Tomales Bay Epifaunal 02 Non-native 38.1467 -122.8835
701942 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-24 Coast Guard Island Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.7812 -122.2458
701971 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Morro Bay Epifaunal 04 Non-native 35.3644 -120.8549
702053 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-11 Los Angeles Epifaunal 04 Non-native 33.7655 -118.2529
702094 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Corinthian Marina Non-native 37.8726 -122.4563
702095 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Corinthian Marina Non-native 37.8726 -122.4563
702172 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-04 Oakland Outer Harbor Non-native 37.8217 -122.3145
702181 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-07-09 Santa Barbara Epifaunal 03 Non-native 34.4067 -119.6889
702218 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-10-09 Chula Vista Marina Non-native 32.6225 -117.1023
702241 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 Central Basin Non-native 37.7643 -122.3863
702258 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-21 Loading Dock at Bumper Pad #51 Non-native 33.7410 -118.2746
702315 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-21 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702329 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-01 Ayala Cove Non-native 37.8680 -122.4350
702430 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-04-06 Radon Corner Non-native 34.4047 -119.6937
702446 J. Carlton, unpublished data, cited in Cohen and Carlton 1995 1973 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
702447 Martin 1977 1971 Humboldt Bay - Fields Landing Non-native 40.7258 -124.2213
702452 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-19 Tomales Bay Epifaunal 03 Non-native 38.1511 -122.8887
702461 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-10 Tony's Place Non-native 38.1466 -122.8832
702510 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 04 Non-native 40.7294 -124.2199
702514 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 01 Non-native 40.7425 -124.2270
702539 D. Cross (California State University, Hayward), pers. comm. 1977, in Carlton 1979. 1976 Oakland Estuary, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.7866 -122.2654
702558 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Eureka Boat Launch Non-native 40.8040 -124.1766
702563 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Eureka Boat Launch Non-native 40.8040 -124.1766
702601 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Richmond Marina Non-native 37.9137 -122.3504
702662 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Alpha Wharf Non-native 34.1528 -119.2101
702670 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Yacht Haven Marina Non-native 33.7655 -118.2528
702698 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 Potrero Point Non-native 37.7521 -122.3790
702710 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-07-12 Potrero Point Non-native 37.7521 -122.3790
702844 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-24 Island Yacht Anchorage Non-native 33.7728 -118.2478
702972 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Sierra Point Marina, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6732 -122.3807
703004 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-08-25 China Basin Non-native 37.7780 -122.3881
703159 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 The Log Ride Non-native 40.7991 -124.1903
703324 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Port of Los Angeles Clock Tower Non-native 33.7540 -118.2697
703346 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Moss Landing Harbor Epifaunal 01 Non-native 36.8040 -121.7861
703379 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-13 Port Hueneme Infaunal 07 Non-native 34.1513 -119.2095
703387 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-21 LA/Long Beach Cruise Ship Pier Non-native 33.7446 -118.2762
703408 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Oakland Inner Harbor - Small marinas Non-native 37.7847 -122.2669
703432 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Most Exposed Site/Channel Marker Non-native 40.7426 -124.2269
703433 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-09 Most Exposed Site/Channel Marker Non-native 40.7426 -124.2269
703561 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-26 Wharf 5 Non-native 34.1516 -119.2072
703570 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-10-25 Monterey Harbor Epifaunal 05 Non-native 36.6090 -121.8933
703655 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Morro Bay Boat Launch Ramp Non-native 35.3577 -120.8510
703685 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-11 SE Side of Bay Non-native 38.3258 -123.0410
703687 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-03 SE Side of Bay Non-native 38.3258 -123.0410
703703 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-27 Front South Non-native 34.4067 -119.6889
703726 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-11-01 North Harbor/Boat Launch Non-native 36.8128 -121.7880
703727 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-21 North Harbor/Boat Launch Non-native 36.8128 -121.7880
703822 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-22 Fuel Depot Non-native 33.7440 -118.2358
703878 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-27 SB Yacht Harbor Non-native 34.4045 -119.6919
703924 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-18 Humboldt Bay Epifaunal 03 Non-native 40.7233 -124.2234
704124 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-02 Coast Guard Island Non-native 37.7812 -122.2457
704127 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-05 Coast Guard Island Non-native 37.7812 -122.2457
704192 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-10-06 Chevron Pier Non-native 37.9228 -122.4105
704279 Cohen et al. 2005 (SF Bay Area RAS) 2004 2004-05-23 Brisbane Lagoon, San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.6862 -122.3906
704312 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Parking Lot With Pallets Stacked Non-native 40.7977 -124.1860
704385 Cohen et al. 2002 (So Cal Exotics RAS) 2000 2000-08-24 Newmarks Yacht Harbor Non-native 33.7644 -118.2497
704434 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 05 Non-native 38.3293 -123.0552
704486 Introduced Species Study 2010 2010-06-29 Martinez Marina Non-native 38.0276 -122.1371
704579 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2000 2000-09-11 Bodega Bay Epifaunal 01 Non-native 38.3341 -123.0511
704620 Introduced Species Study 2005 2005-09-09 Sierra Point Marina Non-native 37.6740 -122.3792
704667 Introduced Species Study 2011 2011-06-29 Aquaculture Floats Non-native 40.8285 -124.1648
704674 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-08-08 Aquaculture Floats Non-native 40.8285 -124.1648
704708 Introduced Species Study 2006 2006-07-28 Coast Guard Pier Non-native 35.3707 -120.8585
704711 ISS 2000-2002 Survey Data 2001 2001-09-19 Tomales Bay Epifaunal 04 Non-native 38.1996 -122.9219
716328 Page et al. 2006 2002 Oil platform Houchin, Santa Barbara Channel Non-native 34.3327 -119.5612
758339 Marelli 1981 1978 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
758340 Marelli 1981 1979 Humboldt Bay General Location Non-native 40.7864 -124.1922
758341 Marelli 1981 1978 San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8494 -122.3681
758342 Marelli 1981 1979 San Francisco Bay Non-native 37.8494 -122.3681
758343 Marelli 1981 1980 Humboldt Bay Power Plant Non-native 40.7423 -124.2092
758344 Marelli 1981 1980 Oyster Point Yacht Harbor Non-native 37.6634 -122.3753
758345 Page et al. 2006 2002 Oil Platform Holly, Santa Barbara Channel Non-native 34.3905 -119.9058
767322 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-13 Coast Guard, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.3126 -123.0512
767329 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-14 Spud Point South, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.3281 -123.0574
767335 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-14 Spud Point North, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.3301 -123.0572
767345 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-21 Lucas/Tides, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.3284 -123.0445
767352 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-21 Porto Bodega, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.3333 -123.0525
767363 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-22 Tomales-Marshall, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.1514 -122.8888
767374 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-21 Tomales-Nick's Cove, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.1980 -122.9222
767385 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-15 Tomales- Call Box 401, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.1793 -122.9104
767392 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-16 Tomales-SNPS, Bodega Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.1359 -122.8719
767435 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-23 Marina Village, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.7605 -117.2364
767455 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-29 Mission Bay Yacht Club, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.7778 -117.2485
767475 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-04 Bahia Resort Marina, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.7731 -117.2478
767522 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-03 Mission Bay Sport Center, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.7857 -117.2495
767550 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-02 The Dana Marina, Mission Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.7671 -117.2363
767577 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-30 201 Main, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3564 -120.8474
767590 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-27 City Harbor, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3709 -120.8582
767602 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-05 Launch Ramp, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3577 -120.8508
767611 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-29 Moorings, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3619 -120.8548
767624 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-31 Morro Bay Marina, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3641 -120.8532
767631 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-28 Sealion Dock, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3658 -120.8555
767642 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-03 State Park Marina, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3459 -120.8423
767654 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-09-04 Tidelands, Morro Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 35.3602 -120.8521
767663 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-16 Naval Base Point Loma, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.6886 -117.2343
767758 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-07-26 Pier 32 Marina, San Diego Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 32.6516 -117.1077
767799 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-15 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9117 -122.3494
767819 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-20 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8067 -122.4432
767831 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-14 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.5880 -122.3160
767852 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-13 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6725 -122.3864
767877 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2012-09-15 Berkeley Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8758 -122.3181
767887 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2012-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4853
767902 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-21 South Beach Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7797 -122.3871
767914 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-20 Jack London Square Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7947 -122.2822
767928 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-22 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7676 -122.2869
767963 Ruiz et al., 2015 2011 2011-09-12 Corinthian Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8103 -122.3228
767977 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-24 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9134 -122.3523
768000 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4853
768017 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-28 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8071 -122.4341
768032 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-27 Port of San Francisco Pier 31, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4060
768047 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-31 Antioch Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 38.0203 -121.8211
768054 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-11 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7676 -122.2869
768076 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-30 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3817
768100 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-08-29 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.5877 -122.3174
768123 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-04 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.5023 -122.2130
768147 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-06 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9736 -122.4802
768165 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-05 Port of Oakland, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7987 -122.3228
768188 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-07 Jack London Square Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7940 -122.2787
768227 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-13 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6962 -122.1919
768244 Ruiz et al., 2015 2012 2012-09-12 Emeryville, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8396 -122.3133
768267 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-15 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7656 -122.2858
768290 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-20 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.5877 -122.3163
768310 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-22 Jack London Square Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.7926 -122.2746
768328 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-23 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
768349 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-13 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.6639 -122.3821
768370 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-14 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
768393 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-19 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
768413 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4354
768445 Ruiz et al., 2015 2013 2013-08-16 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, CA, California, USA Non-native 37.8611 -122.4851
768597 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-25 Cabrillo Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7198 -118.2773
768610 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-25 Cabrillo Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7198 -118.2773
768637 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-25 Cabrillo Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7198 -118.2773
768659 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-01 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7665 -118.2419
768670 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-01 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7665 -118.2419
768691 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-01 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7665 -118.2419
768715 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-01 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7665 -118.2419
768733 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-01 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7665 -118.2419
768747 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-30 Leeward Island Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7767 -118.2428
768787 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-30 Leeward Island Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7767 -118.2428
768812 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-30 Leeward Island Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7767 -118.2428
768826 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-30 Leeward Island Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7767 -118.2428
768849 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-02 Shoreline Public Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7598 -118.1877
768928 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-29 Pacific Yacht Landing, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7654 -118.2514
768948 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-29 Pacific Yacht Landing, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7654 -118.2514
768958 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-29 Pacific Yacht Landing, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7654 -118.2514
768978 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-29 Pacific Yacht Landing, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7654 -118.2514
768998 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-29 Pacific Yacht Landing, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7654 -118.2514
769115 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-26 Port of LB Matson, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7730 -118.2177
769145 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-26 Port of LB Matson, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7730 -118.2177
769155 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-26 Port of LB Matson, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7730 -118.2177
769186 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-31 Port of LB Pier D, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7596 -118.2175
769212 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-31 Port of LB Pier D, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7596 -118.2175
769254 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-28 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7473 -118.2131
769264 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-28 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7473 -118.2131
769282 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-28 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7473 -118.2131
769291 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-07-28 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7473 -118.2131
769336 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-06 Shoreline Public Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7586 -118.1856
769509 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-12 Pacific Yacht Landing, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7654 -118.2514
769707 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-11 Leeward Island Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7772 -118.2428
769848 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-13 Cabrillo Marina, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7219 -118.2779
769874 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-09 Port of LB Pier D, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7595 -118.2174
769886 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-09 Port of LB Pier D, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7595 -118.2174
769903 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-09 Port of LB Pier D, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7595 -118.2174
769959 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-08 Port of LB Matson, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7729 -118.2178
769984 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-08 Port of LB Matson, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7729 -118.2178
770002 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-08 Port of LB Matson, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7729 -118.2178
770014 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-08 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7472 -118.2130
770032 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-08 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7472 -118.2130
770053 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-08 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7472 -118.2130
770077 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-08 Port of LB Pier F, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7472 -118.2130
770137 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-14 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7668 -118.2408
770158 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-14 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7668 -118.2408
770169 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-14 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7668 -118.2408
770190 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-14 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7668 -118.2408
770204 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2018 2018-08-14 Island Yacht Anchorage, San Pedro Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.7668 -118.2408
770497 Ruiz et al., 2021b 2017 2017-08-05 Harbor Tower Marina, Newport Bay, California, USA Non-native 33.6203 -117.9279
771471 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
771485 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
771502 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
771519 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2017 2017-09-12 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8063 -122.4403
771607 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-10 Pittsburg Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.0362 -121.8828
771680 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-12 Glen Cove Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 38.0675 -122.2142
771792 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-17 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8065 -122.4412
771861 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-17 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8065 -122.4412
771871 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-17 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8065 -122.4412
771884 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-17 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8065 -122.4412
772041 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-21 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7843 -122.2648
772057 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-21 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7843 -122.2648
772078 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-21 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7843 -122.2648
772096 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-21 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7843 -122.2648
772274 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-18 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9139 -122.3461
772290 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-18 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9139 -122.3461
772303 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-18 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9139 -122.3461
772317 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-18 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9139 -122.3461
772350 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-18 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9139 -122.3461
772492 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772505 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772528 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772542 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772555 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8609 -122.4855
772565 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-27 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6634 -122.3823
772612 Ruiz et al., 2021a 2018 2018-09-27 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6634 -122.3823
775811 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7370 -124.2176
775812 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7370 -124.2176
775813 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7370 -124.2176
775815 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7370 -124.2176
775817 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-17 EZ Landing RV Park and Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7370 -124.2176
775819 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-11 Coast Guard, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7669 -124.2174
775820 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-11 Coast Guard, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7669 -124.2174
775821 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-11 Coast Guard, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7669 -124.2174
775823 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-11 Coast Guard, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7669 -124.2174
775827 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7987 -124.1907
775829 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7987 -124.1907
775830 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-19 Samoa Pacific, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7987 -124.1907
775833 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-12 Redwood Marine Terminal Berth 1, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8173 -124.1804
775835 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-12 Redwood Marine Terminal Berth 1, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8173 -124.1804
775837 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-13 Simpson Samoa, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8036 -124.1891
775839 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-13 Simpson Samoa, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8036 -124.1891
775842 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8078 -124.1610
775844 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8078 -124.1610
775846 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8078 -124.1610
775847 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8078 -124.1610
775849 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-10 Woodley Island Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8078 -124.1610
775851 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7775 -124.1865
775853 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7775 -124.1865
775855 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-14 Schneider Dock, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7775 -124.1865
775858 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
775860 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
775861 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
775863 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-20 Humboldt Bay Forest Products, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.7326 -124.2191
775864 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8026 -124.1789
775866 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8026 -124.1789
775868 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8026 -124.1789
775870 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-08-15 Eureka Public Marina, Humboldt Bay, California, USA Non-native 40.8026 -124.1789
775876 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-25 Naval Base floating dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1537 -119.2090
775882 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base alpha dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1528 -119.2102
775885 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base alpha dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1528 -119.2102
775888 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base alpha dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1528 -119.2102
775891 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base sealion dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1466 -119.2126
775894 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-24 Naval Base sealion dock, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1466 -119.2126
775900 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-22 Port Hueneme site 1, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1473 -119.2092
775918 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-07-21 Port Hueneme Site 4, Port Hueneme, California, USA Non-native 34.1487 -119.2049
775925 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-08 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4354
775927 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-08 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4354
775929 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-08 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4354
775932 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-08 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4354
775937 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-08 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8078 -122.4354
775943 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775945 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775947 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775950 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775952 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775954 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775956 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775958 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775960 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-19 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4851
775969 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-17 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6639 -122.3758
775981 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-11 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
775983 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-11 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
775987 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-11 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
775990 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-11 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
775992 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-11 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
775994 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-11 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5024 -122.2134
775996 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-12 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7662 -122.2656
775997 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-12 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7662 -122.2656
775999 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-12 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7662 -122.2656
776002 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-12 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7662 -122.2656
776005 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-12 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7662 -122.2656
776008 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776009 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776010 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776012 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776014 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776015 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776016 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776018 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776020 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776022 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-10 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9138 -122.3522
776025 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-15 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
776026 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-15 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
776027 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-15 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9723 -122.4829
776030 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-18 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7835 -122.2630
776034 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-18 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7835 -122.2630
776041 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-18 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7835 -122.2630
776043 Ruiz et al., 2022 2014 2014-09-18 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7835 -122.2630
776051 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-24 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7839 -122.2641
776053 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-24 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7839 -122.2641
776057 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-24 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7839 -122.2641
776060 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-24 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7839 -122.2641
776063 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-24 Oakland Yacht Club, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7839 -122.2641
776066 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-15 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8066 -122.4331
776069 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-15 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8066 -122.4331
776070 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-15 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8066 -122.4331
776073 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-15 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8066 -122.4331
776074 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-15 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8066 -122.4331
776076 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-15 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8066 -122.4331
776086 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-21 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5022 -122.2129
776088 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776091 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776093 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776095 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776097 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776099 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776101 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776103 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776106 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776108 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-14 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9129 -122.3492
776110 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-17 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776112 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-17 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776114 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-17 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776154 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-18 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9731 -122.4827
776158 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776160 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776162 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776164 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776166 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776168 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776171 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776173 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776175 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776177 Ruiz et al., 2022 2015 2015-09-25 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8612 -122.4849
776185 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-08 Loch Lomond Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9727 -122.4816
776187 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776189 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776191 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776193 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776195 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776197 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776199 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776201 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776205 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-23 Sausalito Marine Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8606 -122.4853
776208 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-07 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8060 -122.4428
776211 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-07 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8060 -122.4428
776214 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-07 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8060 -122.4428
776216 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-07 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8060 -122.4428
776218 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-07 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8060 -122.4428
776221 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-07 San Francisco Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.8060 -122.4428
776223 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-21 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3759
776226 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-21 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3759
776229 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-21 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3759
776234 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-21 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3759
776237 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-21 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3759
776240 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-21 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3759
776243 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-21 Oyster Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6633 -122.3759
776248 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-22 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5898 -122.3165
776250 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-22 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5898 -122.3165
776254 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-22 Coyote Point Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5898 -122.3165
776259 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-26 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5027 -122.2138
776262 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-26 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5027 -122.2138
776267 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-26 Redwood City Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.5027 -122.2138
776269 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776270 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776271 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776272 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776273 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776274 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776275 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776276 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776278 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776279 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-12 Richmond Marina Bay Yacht Harbor, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.9133 -122.3500
776280 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776281 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776282 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776284 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776286 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776288 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776290 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776292 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776294 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-13 Ballena Isle Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.7679 -122.2863
776302 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
776303 Ruiz et al., 2022 2016 2016-09-14 San Leandro Marina, San Francisco Bay, California, USA Non-native 37.6978 -122.1928
820313 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 SF marina None 37.8071 -122.4345
820314 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Bay Farm None 37.7237 -122.2632
820315 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Brisbane None 37.6560 -122.3697
820316 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Mission Bay None 37.7553 -122.3790
820317 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Albany None 37.8773 -122.3241
820318 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 El Cerrito None 37.8885 -122.3367
820319 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Richardson bay None 37.8669 -122.4751
820320 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Paradise Cay None 37.9044 -122.4684
820321 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Oyster Point None 37.6688 -122.3741
820322 Ruiz GM and JB Geller (2018) 2016 Ballena Isle None 37.7516 -122.2878

References

Almon, B.; Perez, J.; Banon, R.; Trigo, J. (2013) First record of Caprella mutica from the Iberian Peninsula: expansion southwards in European waters, Marine Biodiversity Records 7: e30

Arenas, F. and 13 authors. (2006) Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England., Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86: 329-1337

Ashton, Gail 2012b LifeDesks- <i>Caprella mutica</i> Schurin, 1935. <missing URL>



Ashton, Gail ; Boos, Karin; Shucksmith, Richard; Cook, Elizabeth (2006) Risk assessment of hull fouling as a vector for marine non-natives in Scotland, Aquatic Invasions 1(4): 214-218

Ashton, Gail ; Boos, Karin; Shucksmith, Richard; Cook, Elizabeth (2006) Rapid assessment of the distribution of marine non-native species in marinas in Scotland, Aquatic Invasions 1(4): 209-213

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